Implications of customary norms and laws for implementing IWRM: findings from Pangani and Rufiji basins, Tanzania

Maganga, Faustin; Kiwasila, H.; Juma, Ibrahim; Butterworth, John

doi:10.1016/j.pce.2004.09.008

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This fits the call by Maganga et al (2003) for an approach that 'combines elements of RBM and customary arrangements at the local level' and underpins upstream-downstream transfers of water within an ecosystems services approach. The framework is not a classification as proposed by Meinzen-Dick and Bakker (2001), who examined rights associated with different water purposes.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

A legal-infrastructural framework for catchment apportionment.

Lankford¹,

Mwaruvanda²

2007

Community-Based Water Law and Water Resource Management Reform in Developing Countries

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We propose a water management framework for bringing together formal and informal water rights and irrigation intake design to apportion water in catchments. This framework is based on setting and modifying seasonally applied volumetric and proportional caps for managing irrigation abstractions and sharing water between upstream irrigators and downstream users in river basins. The volumetric cap, which establishes the upper ceiling of irrigation abstractions in the wet season, relates to formal water rights and maximum intake capacities. The proportional cap, which functions in the dry season beneath the volumetric ceiling, builds on customary water negotiations and on the design and continual adjustment of intakes by users. Both caps should be viewed as being adjustable in response to dialogue between users. The analysis is informed by conditions found in the Great Ruaha river basin, southern Tanzania, where rivers sequentially provide water for irrigation, a wetland, the Ruaha National Park and for electricity generation. Consequences for catchment interventions in the face of climate, population and land use change are explored.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

A legal-infrastructural framework for catchment apportionment.

Lankford¹,

Mwaruvanda²

2007

Community-Based Water Law and Water Resource Management Reform in Developing Countries

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“…Tanzania depends mainly on that basin for hydropower generation (Maganga et al, 2004). It is also within the northern tourist area, one of the most visited areas in Tanzania, and contains the Arusha and Moshi industrial municipalities.…”

Section: The Challenges Faced By Mount Kilimanjaromentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chagga people and environmental changes on Mount Kilimanjaro: Lessons to learn

Sébastien¹

2010

Climate and Development

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Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, is a site of exceptional diversity. However, its fragile balance is presently under threat, mainly from hydrological issues. Scientists and politicians have different hypotheses concerning the condition and availability of water on the mountain, thus far without consensus. Some of these hypotheses infer that the local Chagga communities living on Kilimanjaro's slopes are implicated in the overall degradation of natural resources. A major part of the research presented in this paper focuses on the Chagga people's view of their environment. The research uses the Actor in 4 Dimensions (A4D) methodology. This multidisciplinary conceptual model helps one to understand a territory by analysing the relations between individuals (social link) and the relations between humans and no humans (natural link). This paper aims to (1) present the A4D model and its innovative methodology, (2) analyse the stakeholders' dynamics around environmental issues on the mountain and (3) focus on the Chagga's perception of natural resource evolution and management. The A4D results show that the Chagga display a profound attachment to their territory, the forest is the element creating social relations, technical progress can mean social regression, conflicts over natural resources are increasing and hydrological risks on Mount Kilimanjaro are primarily of a social nature.

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“…Concurrently, several factors-among those, geographic area, number of members, and historical context (Lalika et al 2015)-seem to present common challenges to both the functionality and sustainability of WUAs ( (Maganga et al 2004, Mehari et al 2009). The WUAs struggle to obtain basic data on river flows, groundwater levels, or water quality.…”

Section: Water Users' Associations: Progress and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basin's landscape covers all or part of 18 districts within Tanzania and some of the major tourism areas near Arusha, Manyara, and Kilimanjaro. The Pangani Basin has been a pioneer and a test case for Tanzania's legal and institutional frameworks for IWRM, evidenced by numerous studies (see Maganga et al 2004, Komakech and van der Zaag 2011, Lalika et al 2015, van Koppen et al 2016. It was the first river basin in Tanzania to have a BWO/BWB and the first to undergo a complete environmental flow assessment; the formation of WUAs was initiated here earlier than in other basins.…”

Section: Case Study: the Pangani Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitating public participation in water resources management: reflections from Tanzania

Kabogo¹,

Anderson²,

Hyera³

et al. 2017

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Access to adequate quantity and quality of fresh water is critical to the well-being of Tanzania's human population, currently approaching 50 million. In the early 2000s, Tanzania revamped its legal and institutional frameworks related to freshwater resources management with the passage of the National Water Policy (NAWAPO) and the Water Resources Management (WRM) Act. Three major components of these frameworks are: the use of natural hydrological boundaries as units for management; the designation of an order for decision making on water allocation that prioritizes basic human and ecosystem water needs; and the encouragement of community participation in freshwater resources management. Institutionally, WRM now follows a nested approach, with the Tanzanian Ministry of Water operating at a national scale, nine basin water offices responsible for water allocation at a river basin scale, and formally recognized water users' associations as mechanisms for public participation at the catchment scale. To date, 93 water users' associations have been formed. Although some are active and appear effective, others are almost dormant, and not achieving their full potential as partners in WRM. In this paper, we provide context for the sweeping changes in WRM in Tanzania and review the lessons from more than a decade of implementation of the NAWAPO. We focus in particular on the role of the water users' associations, and use case studies of three basins-the Pangani, Wami/Ruvu, and Lake Victoria-to examine their strengths and challenges. Tanzania's experience offers lessons for other countries considering revision to legal and institutional frameworks around fresh water.

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Implications of customary norms and laws for implementing IWRM: findings from Pangani and Rufiji basins, Tanzania

Cited by 37 publications

References 6 publications

A legal-infrastructural framework for catchment apportionment.

A legal-infrastructural framework for catchment apportionment.

The Chagga people and environmental changes on Mount Kilimanjaro: Lessons to learn

Facilitating public participation in water resources management: reflections from Tanzania

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