Implications of Coastal Conditions and Sea‐Level Rise on Mangrove Vulnerability: A Bio‐Morphodynamic Modeling Study

Xie, Danghan; Schwarz, Christian; Kleinhans, Maarten G.; Zhou, Zeng; Maanen, Barend van

doi:10.1029/2021jf006301

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(241 reference statements)

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“…Rapid sediment accretion in the forest fringe of mangrove forests has been observed in other mangrove settings in field studies (Bryan et al, 2017; Furukawa & Wolanski, 1996; Hayden & Granek, 2015; Horstman et al, 2015; Nardin et al, 2021; Van Santen et al, 2007; Willemsen et al, 2016) and model studies (Xie et al, 2020, 2022). The reduced sediment accretion in the area fronting the mangrove forest due to the mangrove presence has not been discussed in previous literature, but the effect seems to be present in the earlier bathymetric survey in the Firth (Figure 6a), showing an area with scour just seaward of the upper intertidal platform slope.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Mangrove forest drag and bed stabilisation effects on intertidal flat morphology

Gijsman,

Horstman,

Swales

et al. 2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Mangrove trees influence their physical environment by exerting drag on tidal flows and waves while also stabilising the sediment bed of intertidal flats. These processes influence sediment accretion, the mangrove habitat and their resilience to sea level rise. However, little is known about the magnitude and spatial extent of the effects of mangrove forests on sediment transport and the morphology of the intertidal flat. We use manipulated simulations with an extended process‐based numerical model, to study the influence of mangrove forests on intertidal flat morphology on a yearly timescale. The model includes the influence of mangrove trees on tidal flows, waves and sediment dynamics. The model is calibrated and validated with a comprehensive set of measurement data including hydrodynamics, sediment transport and morphological processes from an expanding mangrove forest in the sediment‐rich Firth of Thames estuary in Aotearoa New Zealand.Sediment accretion on the upper intertidal flat is predominantly influenced by the characteristic morphology of the established mangrove forest, with increased bed stability at higher mudflat elevations related to prolonged aerial exposure and drying of the bed. Our results show that, in comparison to the situation without mangroves, sediment accretion increases in the most seaward fringe area of the forest. The unvegetated intertidal flat fronting the mangrove forest captures less sediment compared to the situation without mangroves. The mangrove forest drag triggers the development of a steeper, convex‐up‐shaped, upper intertidal flat profile, especially during periods with higher water levels and waves. These effects are expected to influence the development and storm‐recovery of natural and restored mangrove forests and may contribute to the resilience and persistence of mangrove‐vegetated intertidal flats for coastal flood risk reduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Mangrove forest drag and bed stabilisation effects on intertidal flat morphology

Gijsman,

Horstman,

Swales

et al. 2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…A recent study showed that macro-tidal conditions with a large sediment supply promote accretion along the mudflat and mangrove platforms [69]. The fast sedimentation in the offshore edge of the mangrove forest and the tidal flat ahead might be explained by sufficient sediment supply from the Huang Jiang River on the east side of the study area (Figure 1b) and stronger hydrodynamic conditions during the typhoon season.…”

Section: Coastal Sedimentation and Erosion Prevention Within Mangrovesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Coastal Protection by Planted Mangrove Forest during Typhoon Mangkhut

Zhang

Lin

Chen

2022

JMSE

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Mangroves provide many ecosystem services, including coastal protection against storm surges and waves. As an adaptive method for coastal defense, mangroves were widely restored and planted in tropical and subtropical regions, such as the coastal regions in Southeast Asia. Field surveys were conducted to quantify the nature-based coastal protection provided by a planted mangrove forest along the coasts of Shanwei, Guangdong Province, China, under typhoon influence. The resilience of mangrove trees was assessed under the impact of Typhoon Mangkhut (2018), which induced a maximum storm surge of 1.74 m with a maximum wave height of 1.16 m in the study area. The pre- and post-typhoon surveys and hydrodynamic measurements were conducted at a mudflat with planted mangroves. The wave height reduction reached 77% over 100 m wide mangrove forest. Our results suggest that a six-year-old planted mangrove forest with a ~100 m width might withstand a super typhoon impact and provide substantial protection for the fish ponds and embankments behind the mangrove forest. No uproots or deadly breakage of stems were observed in the mangrove forest, while severe defoliation was spotted for a small portion of trees in the study area, mainly along the wind path, the windward edge of the forest, and among the taller plants. Obvious sedimentation in the mangrove front and the tidal flat was observed during the typhoon Mangkhut (2018) and the entire typhoon season of 2018.

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“…Coastal headlands, a common feature in shoreline systems worldwide, play a unique role in shaping these processes (Klein et al., 2020; Luijendijk et al., 2018; Nyberg & Howell, 2016). Climate‐driven variations in hydrodynamics and sediment availability at the shore are crucial for coastal morphological development and will have dramatic ecological and economic implications (Xie et al., 2022). Our study highlights the complexities of physical forces operating along indented shorelines and different roles played by varying climate conditions in altering wave energy, circulation cells and the potential bypassing around headlands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal Hydrodynamics Around a Headland and Potential Headland Sediment Bypassing

Xie,

Hughes,

FitzGerald

et al. 2024

Geophysical Research Letters

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Shorelines face growing threats due to climate change and diminishing sand supply. Coastal headlands, common rocky features along coastlines, are crucial in shaping hydrodynamics and sediment transport. Yet, the influence of future climate conditions, including sea‐level rise (SLR) and intensified storm energy on complex shorelines with headlands has remained relatively unexplored. In this study, we model changes in hydrodynamics and headland bypassing under different SLR and higher storm wave scenarios. Our findings reveal the formation of circulation cells on both sides of a headland, where wave energy converges around the headland zone. Future climate conditions result in larger storm waves on the beach. However, SLR enhances nearshore currents through a landward shifting of the circulation cells, while higher storm waves intensify offshore flow currents due to the seaward movement of the cells. This effect, in turn, increases the potential for headland sediment bypassing.

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Implications of Coastal Conditions and Sea‐Level Rise on Mangrove Vulnerability: A Bio‐Morphodynamic Modeling Study

Cited by 18 publications

References 131 publications

Mangrove forest drag and bed stabilisation effects on intertidal flat morphology

Mangrove forest drag and bed stabilisation effects on intertidal flat morphology

Coastal Protection by Planted Mangrove Forest during Typhoon Mangkhut

Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal Hydrodynamics Around a Headland and Potential Headland Sediment Bypassing

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