“…The visible presence of petroleum in the creek suggests that some of the heavy metals in the samples analysed come from petroleum sources. Worldwide, Lead was added to the production process of petrol [35], however, since 2012 the process of adding Pb in petrol has been phased out [36]. The illegal processing of crude in Nigeria, however, could see to the introduction of lead and can account for the high concentration of Pb in the creek.…”
Land use is one major factor that affects river water quality which is related to anthropogenic activities. Studies have shown that abandoned boats on watershed, petroleum and untreated wastewater from abattoirs can lead to anthropogenic pollution in surface waters. This study, therefore, was designed to assess spatial and temporal variation of selected heavy metals and level of pollution in Woji Creek. The study was carried out in the months of August, September and October 2018. Water samples were collected from five stations along the creek over a 3.2 km stretch. Water was collected to be analysed for heavy metals (Nickel, Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Iron). Results were subjected to ANOVA and heavy metal pollution index (HPI) was calculated using aquatic toxicity reference values (TRV) as threshold values. Heavy metal dominance in Woji was in the order of Pb>Ni>Fe>Cd>Cu. In the river, Ni had mean values ranging from 0.379±0.259 mg l −1 in August to 0.545±0.369 in October, while Pb with the highest concentration had mean values ranging from 0.229±0.333 mg l −1 in October to 1.534±0.103 mg l −1 in September. Concentrations of metals analysed were high than the TRV. Temporal analysis of HPI calculated for the study was above the critical heavy metal pollution index (100) (August=329.358, September=361.796, October=112.715). A correlation was observed between heavy metals analysed during the study. Spatial analysis of HPI showed higher pollution level at Station 3 with the highest anthropogenic activity along the creek. Cu showed a negative correlation to other metals analysed. Sources of pollution on this creek was identified to be both natural and majorly anthropogenic sources. This study, therefore, points out the need for proper environmental management as regards commercial activities around the waterways.
“…The visible presence of petroleum in the creek suggests that some of the heavy metals in the samples analysed come from petroleum sources. Worldwide, Lead was added to the production process of petrol [35], however, since 2012 the process of adding Pb in petrol has been phased out [36]. The illegal processing of crude in Nigeria, however, could see to the introduction of lead and can account for the high concentration of Pb in the creek.…”
Land use is one major factor that affects river water quality which is related to anthropogenic activities. Studies have shown that abandoned boats on watershed, petroleum and untreated wastewater from abattoirs can lead to anthropogenic pollution in surface waters. This study, therefore, was designed to assess spatial and temporal variation of selected heavy metals and level of pollution in Woji Creek. The study was carried out in the months of August, September and October 2018. Water samples were collected from five stations along the creek over a 3.2 km stretch. Water was collected to be analysed for heavy metals (Nickel, Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Iron). Results were subjected to ANOVA and heavy metal pollution index (HPI) was calculated using aquatic toxicity reference values (TRV) as threshold values. Heavy metal dominance in Woji was in the order of Pb>Ni>Fe>Cd>Cu. In the river, Ni had mean values ranging from 0.379±0.259 mg l −1 in August to 0.545±0.369 in October, while Pb with the highest concentration had mean values ranging from 0.229±0.333 mg l −1 in October to 1.534±0.103 mg l −1 in September. Concentrations of metals analysed were high than the TRV. Temporal analysis of HPI calculated for the study was above the critical heavy metal pollution index (100) (August=329.358, September=361.796, October=112.715). A correlation was observed between heavy metals analysed during the study. Spatial analysis of HPI showed higher pollution level at Station 3 with the highest anthropogenic activity along the creek. Cu showed a negative correlation to other metals analysed. Sources of pollution on this creek was identified to be both natural and majorly anthropogenic sources. This study, therefore, points out the need for proper environmental management as regards commercial activities around the waterways.
“…In addition to this, associations have been found between some bacterial genera (Geodermatophilus spp., Rhodovibrio spp., and Rubrobacter spp.) with the presence of heavy metals such as copper, lead, and zinc, respectively [21]. In this regard, Table 1 shows some examples of heavy metal remediation.…”
Section: Soils Contaminated By Heavy Metalsmentioning
“…e crude oil products contaminate soil leading to deficiency of the much needed nutrients for normal functioning of plants [1,3]. Studies such as [3,4] have provided proof that crude oil contaminated soils have less content of nitrogen and phosphorus. Besides, the water repellant properties interrupt water infiltration into the soil [5], leading to water and nutrient deficiencies.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…ese adversely affect plant growth and microbial populations such that where oil toxicity persists, and the soil becomes unsuitable for plant growth [4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To correct this defect, addition of supplementary nutrients such as organic manure is necessary [14,15]. e use of organic manure is an environmentally safer option because it releases nutrients at a slower rate and as well act as a soil conditioner [4,8,16]. Also, organic manure contains nitrogen, magnesium, sulphur, phosphorus, and potassium that support plant growth [17][18][19][20].…”
Phytoremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils is a challenging process. In an effort to enhance phytoremediation, soil was artificially contaminated with known concentration of light crude oil containing Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) at a concentration of 75 gkg−1 soil. The contaminated soil was subjected to phytoremediation trial using four plant species (Oryza longistaminata, Sorghum arundinaceum, Tithonia diversifolia, and Hyparrhenia rufa) plus no plant used as control for natural attenuation. These phytoremediators were amended with concentrations (0, 5 and 10 gkg−1 soil) of organic manure (cow dung). Results at 120 days after planting, showed that application of manure at concentrations of 5 and 10 gkg−1 soil combined with an efficient phytoremediator can significantly enhance reduction of TPH compared to natural attenuation or use of either manure or a phytoremediator alone (p<0.05). The study also showed that a treatment combination of manure 5 gkg−1 soil, with a phytoremediator gives a similar mean percentage reduction of TPH as manure 10 gkg−1 soil (p>0.05). Therefore, the study concludes that use of phytoremediators and manure 5 gkg−1 soil could promote the restoration of TPH contaminated-soils in the Sudd region of South Sudan.
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