Implications of C1q/TNF-related protein superfamily in patients with coronary artery disease

Abstract

The C1q complement/TNF-related protein superfamily (CTRPs) displays differential effects on the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, governing cardiovascular function. However, whether and how they may serve as predictor/pro-diagnosis factors for assessing the risks of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. Therefore, we performed a clinical study to elaborate on the implication of CTRPs (CTRP1, CTRP5, CTRP7, and CTRP15) in CAD. CTRP1 were significantly increased, whereas CTRP7 and CTRP15 levels were decreased in CAD patients compared to the non-CAD group. Significant differences in CTRP1 levels were discovered between the single-and triple-vascular-vessel lesion groups. ROC analysis revealed that CTRP7 and CTRP15 may serve as CAD markers, while CTRP1 may serve as a marker for the single-vessel lesion of CAD. CTRP1 and CTRP5 can serve as markers for the triple-vessel lesion. CTRP1 may serve as an independent risk predictor for triple-vessel lesion, whereas CTRP15 alteration may serve for a single-vessel lesion of CAD. CTRP1 may serve as a novel superior biomarker for diagnosis of severity of vessel-lesion of CAD patients. CTRP7, CTRP15 may serve as more suitable biomarker for the diagnosis of CAD patients, whereas CTRP5 may serve as an independent predictor for CAD. These findings suggest CTRPs may be the superior predictive factors for the vascular lesion of CAD and represent novel therapeutic targets against CAD. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major cardiovascular diseases, which has a serious impact on human health 1. CAD is a group of diseases including myocardial infarction, sudden angina pectoris, unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and sudden coronary death 2. Multiple risk factors for CAD have been identified, which are highly associated with metabolism influencer/regulators including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, gender, age, etc. 3. However, the sensitivity of the indicators limits the prediction and prognosis of CAD. Identification of new marker or indicator is in great need. Previous studies suggest that adipokines, well-defined adipocyte endocrine factors, are important determinants for cardiovascular disorders with or without diabetes. Previous investigations implicate adiponectin (APN)'s circulationary level is negatively associated with patients who suffered coronary artery disease and 4. CTRP (C1q complement/TNF-related protein) as a newly discovered family have shown diversity and wide distribution. Some of CTRP family members have similar metabolic effects with that of adiponectin, whereas others exert opposite effect as that adiponectin. Although emerging evidence suggests that CTRPs may serve as indicators for metabolic disorders, whether and how CTRPs may display its own unique potential relationship in predicting disease, especially cardiovascular disorders, is largely under-investigated. CTRP family contains 15 family members (CTRP1 to CTRP15). Their functions display the differences and are highly related to their distribut...

Association of serum and aqueous humor myonectin concentrations with diabetic retinopathy

“…Serum myonectin was correlated with disease severity of CAD. Zhang reported that serum myonectin levels were decreased in CAD patients compared to the non-CAD group 12 . Serum myonectin alteration may serve as a marker for CAD 12 .…”

“…Zhang reported that serum myonectin levels were decreased in CAD patients compared to the non-CAD group 12 . Serum myonectin alteration may serve as a marker for CAD 12 . Myonectin-knockout mice with ischemia–reperfusion showed the enhancement of myocardial infarct size, cardiac dysfunction, apoptosis, and proinflammatory gene expression compared with wild-type mice 6 .…”

Circulating CTRP7 Is a Potential Predictor for Metabolic Syndrome

“…Similar to our results, a small sample study in obese individuals (n = 37) showed that the level of serum CTRP7 in obese individuals was significantly increased and positively correlated with BMI, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR ( 11 ). In addition, one study reported decreased circulating CTRP7 levels in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and may serve as a biomarker of CAD ( 37 ). Another study revealed that the production of CTRP7 in muscle tissue was increased and further increased by caloric restriction in old animals ( 16 ).…”

C1q Complement/Tumor Necrosis Factor-Associated Proteins in Cardiovascular Disease and COVID-19

“…Ischemic cardiac disease is a type of disease given to heart problems caused by narrowed heart arteries that lead to myocardiac ischemia (MI). A variety of links have been made between CTRPs and ischemic cardiac disease [ 58 ]. The involved mechanisms has been clarified in many aspects.…”