Implications of biomimetic nanocarriers in targeted drug delivery

Abstract

Nanomaterials and nanostructures have shown fascinating performances in various biomedicine fields, from cosmetic to cancer diagnosis and therapy. Engineered nanomaterials can encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic substances/drugs to eliminate their limitations in the free forms, such as low bioavailability, multiple drug administration, off-target effects, and various side effects. Moreover, it is possible to deliver the loaded cargo to the desired site of action using engineered nanomaterials. One approach that has made nanocarriers more sophisticated is the “biomimetic” concept. In this scenario, biomolecules (e.g., natural proteins, peptides, phospholipids, cell membranes) are used as building blocks to construct nanocarriers and/or modify agents. For instance, it has been reported that specific cells tend to migrate to a particular site during specific circumstances (e.g., inflammation, tumor formation). Employing the cell membrane of these cells as a coating for nanocarriers confers practical targeting approaches. Accordingly, we introduce the biomimetic concept in the current study, review the recent studies, challenge the issues, and provide practical solutions.

Peptide-Hitchhiking for the Development of Nanosystems in Glioblastoma

“…There has been significant interest in cell membranebased biomimetic nanotechnology vehicles (Figure 3), which take advantage of natural cell membranes and synthetic NPs and exhibit a better targeting ability with enhanced cell compatibility, prolonged circulation in the body, and minimal activation of the immune response. 189,190 Indeed, this technology is a promising strategy against GBM as it may enhance stealth characteristics, reducing macrophage recognition and further in vivo elimination. 191 The pioneering work that used cell membrane-coating NPs to target GBM involved coating PLGA NPs with red blood cell membranes (RBCm) modified with the D CDX peptide, revealing lower systemic toxicity and improved therapeutic efficacy.…”

“…There has been significant interest in cell membrane-based biomimetic nanotechnology vehicles (Figure ), which take advantage of natural cell membranes and synthetic NPs and exhibit a better targeting ability with enhanced cell compatibility, prolonged circulation in the body, and minimal activation of the immune response. , Indeed, this technology is a promising strategy against GBM as it may enhance stealth characteristics, reducing macrophage recognition and further in vivo elimination …”

Potential of nanotheranostic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks in cancer management

“…Phototherapy. Tumour phototherapy, which includes photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), has got a lot of attention because it is non-invasive and has low toxicity [49,50]. Phototherapy can act as an immunological agent by initiating immunological responses, resulting in stimulation of the innate immune system.…”