Implications of an Absolute Simultaneity Theory for Cosmology and Universe Acceleration

Abstract

An alternate Lorentz transformation, Absolute Lorentz Transformation (ALT), has similar kinematics to special relativity yet maintains absolute simultaneity in the context of a preferred reference frame. In this study, it is shown that ALT is compatible with current experiments to test Lorentz invariance only if the proposed preferred reference frame is locally equivalent to the Earth-centered non-rotating inertial reference frame, with the inference that in an ALT framework, preferred reference frames are associated with centers of gravitational mass. Applying this theoretical framework to cosmological data produces a scenario of universal time contraction in the past. In this scenario, past time contraction would be associated with increased levels of blueshifted light emissions from cosmological objects when viewed from our current perspective. The observation that distant Type Ia supernovae are dimmer than predicted by linear Hubble expansion currently provides the most direct evidence for an accelerating universe. Adjusting for the effects of time contraction on a redshift–distance modulus diagram produces a linear distribution of supernovae over the full redshift spectrum that is consistent with a non-accelerating universe.

Assessment of the relativistic rotational transformations

“…29,30,53 In the vicinity of the Earth, time dilation is directional in relation to the non-rotating Earth-centered inertial (ECI) reference frame, which is centered on the core of the Earth. 29,30 ALT is only compatible with experimental data if PRFs for ALT are locally associated with gravitational centers, 48,54 which in the vicinity of the Earth is the ECI. Thus, directional time dilation in response to motion relative to the ECI is consistent with ALT.…”

An approach to directly probe simultaneity

“…The combination of ALT with gravity-centered PRFs has been termed AST. 13 The extent of AST-defined PRFs are potentially similar to the spheres of influence (SOIs) defined in the field of astrodynamics. SOIs are mathematically defined regions around a celestial body where the primary gravitational influence is from the celestial body.…”

“…Without resynchronization, ALT is only compatible with current experimental results in the situation that PRFs are locally associated with centers of gravitational mass. 13 This scenario provides velocities relative to the PRF that allow ALT to match experimental results for time dilation. 13 In this work, we will discuss how this type of PRF allows ALT to match current experimental data for light speed isotropy/anisotropy.…”

A Shift of Nucleon Mass Could Substitute the Idea of an Accelerated Expansion

“…But, it has to be aware that these terms are not objects for an empirical research but have a speculative character. In alternative to the assumption of dark energy, modified gravity [4], a cosmological time contraction [5] entropic [6] and viscosity effects [7] are discussed, for example. The interpretation of the observation data from far-distant supernovae Ia and the conclusion of an accelerating universe are based on physical constants obtained from measurements in experiments on earth.…”