Abstract:Key-words:Chaoborus, Chironomidae, Cladocera, community structure, paleolimnology, predationWe investigated surface sediment assemblages of invertebrates from nine shallow lakes in southern Finland and assessed the relationship between invertebrate assemblages and fish status at local scale for the purpose of paleolimnological food-web studies. Invertebrate-based cluster analysis separated the fish-free lakes into their own group and the results also showed a strong and statistically significant relationship b… Show more
“…Therefore, at a regional scale climate may have profound influence on their distribution, whereas at local and site-specific scales other factors can have more important influence on the community composition. For example, limnology, hydrology, wind exposure, presence of macrophytes, and fish predation (Sweetman & Smol, 2006;DeSellas et al, 2008;Chen et al, 2010;Davidson et al, 2010;Nevalainen & Luoto, 2010) have a major contribution in structuring cladoceran communities. This implies that cladocerans can be used as ecological indicators of several environmental variables at different spatial scales.…”
Hydrological parameters can potentially have an overwhelming influence on sedimentary assemblages of Cladocera at certain sampling sites that can cause problems for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. We applied a previously developed Cladocera-based inference model of water depth and a mean July air temperature transfer function developed in this study to a surface sediment dataset of fossil Cladocera from a lake in eastern Finland aiming to investigate the influence of stream flow and water depth on reconstruction results. The developed temperature-inference model, using the weighted averaging-partial least squares technique, had relatively favourable performance statistics suggesting that it is valid in means of performing temperature estimations. When the temperature model was applied to the intralake samples, the lotic samples had inferred values mostly within the model's prediction error and only one lotic sample showed an underestimated temperature. Samples taken from depths over *3 m inferred generally underestimated temperatures, although most of the values were within the model's prediction error. The water depth reconstructions correlated significantly with the measured water depth, but the shallowest samples and most of the lotic samples yielded overestimated inferred values and the samples taken from depths [5 m showed underestimated values. In both reconstruction sets, the inferred values were underestimated in samples taken from deeper sites. Based on the present results, it may be recommendable that downcore sediment samples should be taken from intermediate depths, where also the diversity is higher, and deepest sites and inflows should be avoided. However, more research is needed to validate these results in a larger geographical context.
“…Therefore, at a regional scale climate may have profound influence on their distribution, whereas at local and site-specific scales other factors can have more important influence on the community composition. For example, limnology, hydrology, wind exposure, presence of macrophytes, and fish predation (Sweetman & Smol, 2006;DeSellas et al, 2008;Chen et al, 2010;Davidson et al, 2010;Nevalainen & Luoto, 2010) have a major contribution in structuring cladoceran communities. This implies that cladocerans can be used as ecological indicators of several environmental variables at different spatial scales.…”
Hydrological parameters can potentially have an overwhelming influence on sedimentary assemblages of Cladocera at certain sampling sites that can cause problems for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. We applied a previously developed Cladocera-based inference model of water depth and a mean July air temperature transfer function developed in this study to a surface sediment dataset of fossil Cladocera from a lake in eastern Finland aiming to investigate the influence of stream flow and water depth on reconstruction results. The developed temperature-inference model, using the weighted averaging-partial least squares technique, had relatively favourable performance statistics suggesting that it is valid in means of performing temperature estimations. When the temperature model was applied to the intralake samples, the lotic samples had inferred values mostly within the model's prediction error and only one lotic sample showed an underestimated temperature. Samples taken from depths over *3 m inferred generally underestimated temperatures, although most of the values were within the model's prediction error. The water depth reconstructions correlated significantly with the measured water depth, but the shallowest samples and most of the lotic samples yielded overestimated inferred values and the samples taken from depths [5 m showed underestimated values. In both reconstruction sets, the inferred values were underestimated in samples taken from deeper sites. Based on the present results, it may be recommendable that downcore sediment samples should be taken from intermediate depths, where also the diversity is higher, and deepest sites and inflows should be avoided. However, more research is needed to validate these results in a larger geographical context.
“…Chaoborus flavicans is known to co-occur with fish only in deep basins that provide refugia in the hypolimnion, in clay-turbid basins that prevent visual predation by fish, and in humic brown-watered basins that have reduced fish predation potential due to their light-, oxygen-, and temperature profiles (Liljendahl-Nurminen 2006). Interestingly, in addition to fish stock, water colour was the only environmental factor that was found statistically significant in the present study (Table 2) and the fish-free lakes in the dataset were those with dystrophic brown water (Nevalainen & Luoto 2010). However, when the CCA was run for water colour with the fish data as a co-variable, the influence of colour became statistically insignificant for midges.…”
Section: Scalementioning
confidence: 47%
“…The distance from the littoral vegetation (DLV) was measured and determined by examining aerial photographs and field observations and stream flow was determined simply by dividing the samples following their lotic or lentic distribution. For more details and other measured environmental parameters, consult the previous publications (Luoto 2009a, Luoto & Helama 2010, Luoto & Salonen 2010, Nevalainen & Luoto 2010, Kultti et al 2011.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These lakes also occur in the regional and semiregional datasets. More detailed descriptions of the sites and environmental data in the local dataset are given in a previous publication (Nevalainen & Luoto 2010).…”
Section: Study Sitesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Midge-based datasets from the same region, but at different spatial scales, i.e. regional (Luoto 2009a), semiregional (Luoto & Salonen 2010), local (Nevalainen & Luoto 2010), and site-specific (Luoto 2010) datasets, are compared for their most important environmental forcing factors on midge taxa distribution and abundance. The datasets represent species-environment relationships at two grain sizes: the lake (regional, semiregional, and local datasets) and site (sitespecific dataset) levels.…”
This study was based on sedimentarymidge (Diptera:Nematocera) assemblages from multilake datasets along environmental transects from Finland (regional), southern Finland (semiregional), and Helsinki district (local) and an intralake dataset from eastern Finland (site-specific). The aim was to examine scale-dependencies in midge distribution. The results imply that distribution and abundance of midge taxa are related to scale: on the regional scale the forcing factors are related to prevailing climate conditions, on semiregional scale they are related to water quality, on more local scales predation pressure is the key variable and on site-specific scales habitat characteristics determine the species assemblages. Although the number of study siteswas not equal and not all environmental parameters were possible to measure fromall spatial scales, it is apparent that caution is required in midge-based environmental assessments, because changes in faunal composition are driven by factors operating at different spatial scales.
A sediment core from Lake Arapisto, Finland, was examined for fossil diatom assemblages to reconstruct changes in Holocene nutrient availability. Our aim was to investigate the long-term relationship between lake trophic status and climate by comparing the diatom-based phosphorus reconstruction with paleoclimatic proxies. Our results showed that the cold early Holocene was characterized by elevated nutrient conditions concurrent with newly exposed fertile ground. As the climate rapidly warmed and ice sheet further retreated, the catchment vegetation developed, which resulted in decreased nutrient flux into the lake. The Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM), between ~ 8000 and 4000 cal yr BP, was characterized by oligotrophic conditions, which may have been caused by low effective precipitation and stable watershed vegetation. After the HTM, the lake became more productive. There was no particular increase in the trophic state that could be connected to more recent human influence. Although lake productivity has been shown to be affected by temperature, our record indicated that the nutrient dynamics were driven by complex interactions between changes in temperature, precipitation, catchment, and in-lake processes. Understanding of long-term nutrient dynamics and the associated processes can help in resolving relationships between lake productivity and climate during past and present climate changes.
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