Implications and pitfalls for cancer diagnostics exploiting extracellular vesicles

Špilak, Ana; Brachner, Andreas; Kegler, Ulrike; Neuhaus, Winfried; Noehammer, Christa

doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.029

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…88,89 It should be noted that there is no consensus on the markers that label EVs in human samples. 12,13 However, these studies suggested that miRNAs in cancer EVs can be used as potential biomarkers that reflect the state of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cancer EVs have been suggested as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. [12][13][14] The functional roles of miRNAs mediated via cancer EVs has been elucidated in several studies, suggesting that regulating miRNAs involved in cellcell communication will provide a new therapeutic strategy in treating cancers. Since novel targets for low molecular weight compounds, the mainstay of drug discovery, have been decreasing, miRNAs are regarded as next-generation drug targets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Application of MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Treatment

et al. 2022

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Background: Recurrence of breast cancer remains a critical problem. Therefore, it is imperative to identify biomarkers that accurately reflect disease state and develop novel drug therapies that are effective even after recurrence. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the malignant transformation of various tumors. Circulating miRNAs are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. Additionally, miRNAs are regarded as next-generation drug targets. Currently, various clinical trials are being conducted for anti-cancer drugs using miRNAs. In this review, we summarized recent studies on miRNA functions and circulating miRNAs in breast cancer, and discussed the status of miRNAs as drug discovery candidates. We also discussed the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the clinical application of miRNAs.Methods: Relevant articles published from 2002 to 2021 were acquired from PubMed database using the following key words: “miRNA” and “breast neoplasia”. Clinical trial data were retrieved from the database, ClinicalTrials.gov.Results: Regulating these miRNAs may provide a new therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, miRNAs may be useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer. In addition, miRNAs have potential as anti-cancer agents, and may also be used in combination with other therapies to enhance the efficacies of other drugs.Conclusion: In summary, miRNAs have shown promise as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In addition, EVs will be the key to expanding the applications of miRNAs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Application of MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Treatment

et al. 2022

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“…There have been many studies on EVs and their various types of cargo in cancer as we recently summarized in a review [212] together with elaborating on the specific challenges associated with using saliva-and blood derived EVs and their cargo as diagnostic biomarkers. Beside cancer, EVs have also been proposed as biological indicators for a number of diseases affecting multiple organs including the central nervous system, liver, kidney, lung, and arteries, as recently reviewed by Barili & Vassali, highlighting the great,…”

Section: Future Direction Of Research In Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Art of Chemosensors in a Biomedical Context

et al. 2022

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Healthcare is undergoing large transformations, and it is imperative to leverage new technologies to support the advent of personalized medicine and disease prevention. It is now well accepted that the levels of certain biological molecules found in blood and other bodily fluids, as well as in exhaled breath, are an indication of the onset of many human diseases and reflect the health status of the person. Blood, urine, sweat, or saliva biomarkers can therefore serve in early diagnosis of diseases such as cancer, but also in monitoring disease progression, detecting metabolic disfunctions, and predicting response to a given therapy. For most point-of-care sensors, the requirement that patients themselves can use and apply them is crucial not only regarding the diagnostic part, but also at the sample collection level. This has stimulated the development of such diagnostic approaches for the non-invasive analysis of disease-relevant analytes. Considering these timely efforts, this review article focuses on novel, sensitive, and selective sensing systems for the detection of different endogenous target biomarkers in bodily fluids as well as in exhaled breath, which are associated with human diseases.

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“…As a complementary method to tissue biopsies, a liquid biopsy is an investigation and analysis of biofluids to identify biomarkers in a patient fluid sample for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring [14,15]. Liquid biopsies rely on the constituent materials in biofluids representing the tumor state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Approaches and Methods Enabling Extracellular Vesicle Isolation for Cancer Diagnostics

et al. 2022

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Advances in cancer research over the past half-century have clearly determined the molecular origins of the disease. Central to the use of molecular signatures for continued progress, including rapid, reliable, and early diagnosis is the use of biomarkers. Specifically, extracellular vesicles as biomarker cargo holders have generated significant interest. However, the isolation, purification, and subsequent analysis of these extracellular vesicles remain a challenge. Technological advances driven by microfluidics-enabled devices have made the challenges for isolation of extracellular vesicles an emerging area of research with significant possibilities for use in clinical settings enabling point-of-care diagnostics for cancer. In this article, we present a tutorial review of the existing microfluidic technologies for cancer diagnostics with a focus on extracellular vesicle isolation methods.

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Implications and pitfalls for cancer diagnostics exploiting extracellular vesicles

Cited by 27 publications

References 174 publications

Clinical Application of MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Treatment

Clinical Application of MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Treatment

State of the Art of Chemosensors in a Biomedical Context

Microfluidic Approaches and Methods Enabling Extracellular Vesicle Isolation for Cancer Diagnostics

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