Implications and Mitigation of Radio Frequency Blackout During  Reentry of Reusable Launch Vehicles

Hartunian, R. A.; Stewart, G.; Curtiss, Thomas J.; Fergason, Stephen; Seibold, R. W.; Shome, Pradipta

doi:10.2514/6.2007-6633

Cited by 110 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…From a physical perspective, the electron density should follow the distribution that it goes to zero near the plasma-air interface and reaches the maximum in a limited distance from one interface, which have been validated and adopted by many researchers [2, 3, 10-12, 14, 15, 17]. The experiments about the plasma sheath [10,11] show that the electron density profile for plasma objects may follow a biexponential curve. Therefore, the bi-exponential function distribution will be adopted for our EM problem model, which can be expressed as…”

Section: The Electron Density Distribution For the Proposed Magnetizementioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the above, z is the radial distance, N e0 is the peak of electron density, z 10 and z 20 represents the curve's shape, L 1 determines the location where electron density reaches the maximum, and L 2 specifies the thickness of the plasma. In the following simulation, some parameters of (23) are designated as constants, which are: L 1 = 15 cm, L 2 = 60 cm (that is to say, the thickness of the plasma slab is 60 cm), z 10 = 1 cm, z 20 = 4 cm.…”

Section: The Electron Density Distribution For the Proposed Magnetizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma technology is a kind of technology with novel concept and newly working principle, and its latent application in electromagnetic (EM) field is splendid, such as plasma stealth technology [1][2][3], plasma antennas [4][5][6], plasma diagnostic [7,8], plasma photonic crystals [9] and communications through plasma sheath [10][11][12][13][14]. It is very important to find out the mechanism and phenomena about the interactions between EM wave and plasma in the study of this technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Analysis of Propagation and Polarization Characteristics of Electromagnetic Waves Through Nonuniform Magnetized Plasma Slab Using Propagator Matrix Method

Yin¹,

Hou²,

Sun³

et al. 2013

PIER

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Abstract-An analytical technique referred to as the propagator matrix method (PMM) is presented to study the problem of electromagnetic (EM) waves interacting with the nonuniform magnetized plasma. In this method, the state vector is proposed to describe the characteristics of eigen waves in anisotropic medium, and state vectors at two different locations are related with each other by the propagator matrix. This method can be used to deal with the phenomenon of the transformation of EM wave polarization induced by anisotropic magnetized plasma, besides the conventional propagation characteristics through plasma slab, which overcomes the drawback of other analytical methods introduced in former studies. The EM problem model considered in this work is a steady-state, two-dimensional, nonuniform magnetized plasma slab with arbitrary magnetic declination angle, which is composed of a number of subslabs. Each subslab has a fixed electron density, and the overall density profile across the whole slab follows any practical distribution function. Based on PMM, a significant feature of strong transformation of EM wave polarization is addressed when an incident wave normally projects on the slab, which leads to the reflected or transmitted waves containing two kinds of waves, i.e., the co-polarized wave and the cross-polarized wave. The effects of varying the plasma parameters on the reflected and transmitted powers of co-polarization and cross-polarization, as well as the absorptive power

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Section: The Electron Density Distribution For the Proposed Magnetizementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: The Electron Density Distribution For the Proposed Magnetizementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analysis of Propagation and Polarization Characteristics of Electromagnetic Waves Through Nonuniform Magnetized Plasma Slab Using Propagator Matrix Method

Yin¹,

Hou²,

Sun³

et al. 2013

PIER

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The propagation of electromagnetic waves through a plasma causes phenomena such as the radio-communication cut-off during spacecraft atmospheric re-entry 6,7 and the attenuation of signals through plasma plumes of modern electric propulsion systems; 8 and it is also used for the sustainment of plasma columns by surface wave 9 and the plasma diagnostics (microwave interferometry). 10 The phenomena of wave absorption/reflection via plasma occur when high-frequency (radiofrequency RF 1-300 MHz and microwaves MW>300 MHz) electromagnetic waves propagate in partially ionized plasmas.…”

Section: -3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical studies of microwave-plasma interaction in a MWPECVD reactor

et al. 2016

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This work deals with and proposes a simple and compact diagnostic method able to characterize the interaction between microwave and plasma without the necessity of using an external diagnostic tool. The interaction between 2.45 GHz microwave and plasma, in a typical ASTeX-type reactor, is investigated from experimental and numerical view points. The experiments are performed by considering plasmas of three different gas mixtures: H2, CH4-H2 and CH4-H2-N2. The two latter are used to deposit synthetic undoped and n-doped diamond films. The experimental setup equipped with a matching network enables the measurements of very low reflected power. The reflected powers show ripples due to the mismatching between wave and plasma impedance. Specifically, the three types of plasma exhibit reflected power values related to the variation of electron-neutral collision frequency among the species by changing the gas mixture. The different gas mixtures studied are also useful to test the sensitivity of the reflected power measurements to the change of plasma composition. By means of a numerical model, only the interaction of microwave and H2 plasma is examined allowing the estimation of plasma and matching network impedances and of reflected power that is found about eighteen times higher than that measured.

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“…The ionized gas is called plasma sheath, which leads to the lost or at least severely degraded of the communication, telemetry, and GPS navigation signals. [2][3][4] Radio blackout during the re-entry has puzzled the aerospace industry for decades and has not yet been completely resolved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation of phase modulation signals in time-varying plasma

Yang

Wang

et al. 2016

AIP Advances

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The effects of time-varying plasma to the propagation of phase modulation signals are investigated in this paper. Through theoretical analysis, the mechanism of the interaction between the time-varying plasma and the phase modulation signal is given. A time-varying plasma generator which could produce arbitrary time-varying plasma is built by adjusting the discharge power. A comparison of results from experiment and simulation prove that the time-varying plasma could cause the special rotation of QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) constellation, and the mechanism of constellation point’s rotation is analyzed. Additionally, the experimental results of the QPSK signals’ EVM (Error Vector Magnitude) after time-varying and time-invariant plasma with different ωp/ω are given. This research could be used to improve the TT&C (Tracking Telemeter and Command) system of re-entry vehicles.

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Implications and Mitigation of Radio Frequency Blackout During Reentry of Reusable Launch Vehicles

Cited by 110 publications

References 2 publications

Analysis of Propagation and Polarization Characteristics of Electromagnetic Waves Through Nonuniform Magnetized Plasma Slab Using Propagator Matrix Method

Analysis of Propagation and Polarization Characteristics of Electromagnetic Waves Through Nonuniform Magnetized Plasma Slab Using Propagator Matrix Method

Experimental and numerical studies of microwave-plasma interaction in a MWPECVD reactor

Propagation of phase modulation signals in time-varying plasma

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