Implication of Oxidative Stress in Small Intestine Disorders, Constipation and Diarrhea: A Mini Review

Rtibi, Ka�s; Amri, Mohamed; Sebaï, Hichem; Marzouki, Lamjed

doi:10.18639/rabm.2017.03.457021

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…This finding is in agreement with similar studies [30][31][32]. In addition, HIV patients may be prone to oxidative stress that may contribute to the process of diarrhea and a study conducted in Tunisia among the general population has shown that the oxidative stress is associated with gastrointestinal disturbances including diarrhea [33]. Oral thrush, wasting, and rashes were associated with a low CD4 cell count.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Clinical Correlates of Diarrhea and Gut Parasites among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seropositive Patients

Bisong¹

2017

Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine

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Cluster differentiation 4 (CD4) count estimation, which is not readily available in most resource poor settings in Nigeria, is an important indexdetermining commencement of antiretroviral therapy (ART). It is imperative for physicians who come in contact with these patients in such settings to recognize other parameters to evaluate these patients. The clinical correlates of diarrhea and gut parasites among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients attending our special treatment clinic were studied. Three hundred and forty consenting HIV-positive adult subjects were enrolled. Their stool and blood specimens were collected for a period of three months. Stool samples were analyzed for the presence of diarrhea and gut parasites. The patients were clinically evaluated by physical examination for the presence of pallor, dehydration, oral thrush, wasting lymphadenopathy, dermatitis, skin hyperpigmentation, and finger clubbing. Participants with diarrhea represented 14.1% of the population, while 21.5% harbored one or more parasites. In the subjects with diarrhea, 14.6% harbored gut parasites. The presence of diarrhea was associated with a low CD4 count. Clinically, oral thrush, wasting, and rashes were more reliable predictors of low CD4 count levels; whereas, the presence of pallor, dehydration, wasting, and rashes correlated with the presence of diarrhea. HIV patients presenting with pallor, dehydration, wasting, and rashes should be evaluated for the presence of diarrhea. The clinical variables associated with low CD4 count in this study may guide commencing antiretroviral therapy in resource poor settings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Clinical Correlates of Diarrhea and Gut Parasites among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seropositive Patients

Bisong¹

2017

Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine

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“… 70 It is involved in various GI-disorders characterized by disturbance of peristalsis and irregularity in the secretion/absorption process. 71 In this context, Zhou et al 72 reported that chronic constipation, a GI disease, can cause potential oxidative stress in children. Long-term oxidative stress can damage major cellular constituents through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may be the subjects of potential injury to DNA, proteins, and lipids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-dependent Action ofZingiber officinaleon Colonic Dysmotility and Ex Vivo Spontaneous Intestinal Contraction Modulation

et al. 2022

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Ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) rhizomes are commonly used in foods and employed for many ailments including gastrointestinal disorders. Our main objective was to evaluate the effect of Zingiber officinale aqueous extract (ZOAE) on gastrointestinal (GI) physiological motility and colonic dysmotility. Thereby, Wistar rats were given loperamide (LP, 3 mg/kg, b.w.) and ZOAE (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg, b.w.) or yohimbine (YOH, 2 mg/kg, b.w.). ZOAE-action on intestinal secretion was assessed using Ussing chamber technique and intestinal motility with isometric transducer. GI-transit (GIT) and gastric emptying (GE) were evaluated with the charcoal meal test and the red phenol methods. ZOAE-bioactive components were analyzed by liquid chromatography-high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-HRESIMS). Constipation was induced with LP and the different indicators such as stool composition, GIT, oxidative stress biological parameters, and colonic mucosa histological alteration were performed. Anti-constipation effect of ZOAE was confirmed on stool composition, GIT (53.42% to 85.57%), GE (55.47% to 98.88%), and re-established oxidative balance. ZOAE induces an amplitude increase of spontaneous intestinal contraction with EC50 of 10.52 μg/mL. No effect of ZOAE was observed on electrogenic transport of intestinal fluid. These findings suggest that ZOAE-bioactive candidates might exert an anti-constipation action and spontaneous intestinal contraction modulation.

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“…Digestive disturbances and irregularities in secretion or absorption caused by loperamide lead to oxidative stress in the intestines 23 . Free radicals are substances produced during cell metabolism, and these are toxic to several organs and tissues and can cause DNA, lipid, cell membrane, and protein damage 24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and laxative effects of taurine-xylose, a synthetic taurine-carbohydrate derivative, in loperamide-induced constipation in Sprague-Dawley rats

Kim

Moon

et al. 2019

JENB

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In this study, we examined the in vitro antioxidant activities and laxative effects of taurine-xylose (T-X), a synthetic taurine-carbohydrate derivative, in a rat model of constipation induced by loperamide.[Methods] The animals were divided into four treatment groups: normal untreated rats (NOR group), loperamide-treated control rats (CON group), loperamide and taurine-xylose (15 mg/kg)-treated rats (T-X group), and loperamide and commercial Dulcolax S (5.5 mg/ kg)-treated rats (DS group).[Results] In the present study, T-X exhibited potent reducing power and free radical scavenging activities for DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS+ (2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonic acid ammonium salt) radicals. The laxative effects of T-X were dependent on food, body weight, fecal properties, gastrointestinal transit (GIT) ratio, and serum metabolic parameters. In the T-X group, the number, wet weight, and water content of fecal pellets were noticeably increased compared to those in the loperamide-induced group. T-X treatment significantly increased the activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, including those of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), relative to those in loperamide-induced constipated rats. Furthermore, the GIT ratio and loperamide-induced metabolic parameters in serum, including gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), and somatostatin (SS) levels, were significantly improved by T-X treatment.[Conclusion] These results suggest that taurine-xylose exerts antioxidant activities and laxative effects on loperamide-induced constipation by promoting gastrointestinal motility.

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Implication of Oxidative Stress in Small Intestine Disorders, Constipation and Diarrhea: A Mini Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Clinical Correlates of Diarrhea and Gut Parasites among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seropositive Patients

Clinical Correlates of Diarrhea and Gut Parasites among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seropositive Patients

Dose-dependent Action ofZingiber officinaleon Colonic Dysmotility and Ex Vivo Spontaneous Intestinal Contraction Modulation

Antioxidant and laxative effects of taurine-xylose, a synthetic taurine-carbohydrate derivative, in loperamide-induced constipation in Sprague-Dawley rats

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