“… Sources: Authors’ compilation of values reported in literature ( Ammar and Seddiek, 2017 ; T. L. Chen et al., 2019 ; Evans, Rojas-Bracho, Hammitt and Dockery, 2021 ; Galvis et al., 1995 ; H. Li, Tan, Guo, Zhu and Huang, 2019 ; F. Liu et al., 2013 ; Mardones and Saavedra, 2016 ; Miranda et al., 2016 ; Nazar et al., 2021 ; Obara and Li, 2020 ; Ravina et al., 2020 ; Shawhan and Picciano, 2019 ; J. Sun, Schreifels, Wang, Fu and Wang, 2014 ; F. Tong, Hendrickson, Biehler, Jaramillo and Seki, 2017 ; Wadud and Khan, 2013 ; S. Zhang, Worrell, Crijns-Graus, Wagner and Cofala, 2014 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is important to keep in mind that these values are indicative of the values presented in the literature but are not directly comparable because they reflect different sets of mitigation options across different studies. Figure 4 Technology Costs (USD/ton) by Pollutant from Literature; Sources: Authors’ compilation of values reported in literature ( Ammar and Seddiek, 2017 ; T. L. Chen et al., 2019 ; Evans et al., 2021 ; Galvis et al., 1995 ; H. H. Li et al., 2019 ; F. Liu et al., 2013 ; Mardones and Saavedra, 2016 ; Miranda et al., 2016 ; Nazar et al., 2021 ; Obara and Li, 2020 ; Ravina et al., 2020 ; Shawhan and Picciano, 2019 ; J. Sun et al., 2014 ; F. Tong et al., 2017 ; Wadud and Khan, 2013 ; S. Zhang et al., 2014 ).…”
“… Sources: Authors’ compilation of values reported in literature ( Ammar and Seddiek, 2017 ; T. L. Chen et al., 2019 ; Evans, Rojas-Bracho, Hammitt and Dockery, 2021 ; Galvis et al., 1995 ; H. Li, Tan, Guo, Zhu and Huang, 2019 ; F. Liu et al., 2013 ; Mardones and Saavedra, 2016 ; Miranda et al., 2016 ; Nazar et al., 2021 ; Obara and Li, 2020 ; Ravina et al., 2020 ; Shawhan and Picciano, 2019 ; J. Sun, Schreifels, Wang, Fu and Wang, 2014 ; F. Tong, Hendrickson, Biehler, Jaramillo and Seki, 2017 ; Wadud and Khan, 2013 ; S. Zhang, Worrell, Crijns-Graus, Wagner and Cofala, 2014 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is important to keep in mind that these values are indicative of the values presented in the literature but are not directly comparable because they reflect different sets of mitigation options across different studies. Figure 4 Technology Costs (USD/ton) by Pollutant from Literature; Sources: Authors’ compilation of values reported in literature ( Ammar and Seddiek, 2017 ; T. L. Chen et al., 2019 ; Evans et al., 2021 ; Galvis et al., 1995 ; H. H. Li et al., 2019 ; F. Liu et al., 2013 ; Mardones and Saavedra, 2016 ; Miranda et al., 2016 ; Nazar et al., 2021 ; Obara and Li, 2020 ; Ravina et al., 2020 ; Shawhan and Picciano, 2019 ; J. Sun et al., 2014 ; F. Tong et al., 2017 ; Wadud and Khan, 2013 ; S. Zhang et al., 2014 ).…”
“…The results shown in Figure 1 indicate that hybrid systems are currently more expensive than the marginal cost of even more expensive existing coal power plants, represented by the dashed black line at |3.0/kWh 26,27 . Further, levelized costs of the system are roughly similar across both flexible and inflexible generation profiles.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Naturally, phaseout may prove politically easier if alternate clean technologies such as hybrid systems can provide power at lower costs than existing coal generation, i.e. < |3.0/kWh 26,27 . From the results shown in Figure 1, that will require a 60-70% cost reduction from today's costs across the three states, assuming a lower cost of capital of 2.5%.…”
Section: Implications For Coal Plants and Global Climate Targetsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To understand various scenarios of displacement, we consider different cost scenarios for coal generation. Recent governmental directives have called for the introduction of pollution control technologies (PCTs) that could increase marginal costs by up to 25% 27 . Current cost of coal generation in India also does not account for the health or climate externalities imposed by coal power, aside from a small |400/ton cess on coal production.…”
Section: Implications For Coal Plants and Global Climate Targetsmentioning
Unabated coal power in India must be phased out by mid-century to achieve global climate targets under the Paris Agreement. Here we estimate the costs of hybrid power plantslithium-ion battery storage with wind and solar PV -to replace coal generation. We design least cost mixes of these technologies to supply baseload and load-following generation profiles in three Indian states -Karnataka, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu. Our analysis shows that availability of low cost capital, solar PV installation costs of <$300/kW, and battery storage capacity costs of <$75/kWh will be required to phase out existing coal power plants. Phaseout by 2040 requires a 5% annual decline in the cost of hybrid systems over the next two decades. Solar PV is more suited to pairing with short duration storage than wind power.Our results describe the challenging technological and policy advances needed to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement.
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