Implicating Dysbiosis of the Gut Fungal Microbiome in Uveitis, an Inflammatory Disease of the Eye

Jayasudha, Rajagopalaboopathi; Chakravarthy, Sama Kalyana; Prashanthi, Gumpili Sai; Sharma, Savitri; Tyagi, Mudit; Shivaji, Sisinthy

doi:10.1167/iovs.18-26426

Cited by 37 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Horai et al [6] and Huang et al [7] were among the first to demonstrate that dysbiosis in the gut microbiome is associated with uveitis in mice and in uveitis patients respectively. This observation of gut microbiome dysbiosis in uveitis patients was further confirmed by several others [8,9] including in Behcet′s disease patients with uveitis [10] and in patients with ocular mucosal disease [11], as well as in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in mice and in AMD patients [12,13]. In our recent studies, we demonstrated dysbiosis in gut bacterial and fungal microbiomes in patients with ocular inflammatory diseases like uveitis [8,9], bacterial keratitis [14], and fungal keratitis [15].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Implicating a microbiome in the pathogenesis of a disease has been best studied in immune-mediated diseases [44], inflammatory diseases [2,3], cancers, and mental disorders [4], ocular diseases like uveitis [6,7,8,9,10,45], ocular mucosal disease [11], age-related macular degeneration [13], as well as bacterial and fungal keratitis [14,15]. These findings suggest a prime role for the gut bacterial microbiome in human health and disease irrespective of the disease location in the human body [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alterations in the Ocular Surface Fungal Microbiome in Fungal Keratitis Patients

et al. 2019

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Keratitis, an inflammatory disease of the eye, when neglected could lead to sight-threatening complications and ultimately blindness. Globally, over a million people are affected by keratitis annually. Keratitis has a microbial etiology and is caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc. The present study compared the ocular surface fungal microbiome of healthy individuals and individuals with fungal keratitis. Fungal microbiomes from the conjunctival swabs of healthy individuals and from conjunctival swabs and corneal scrapings of individuals with fungal keratitis were generated using ITS2 region amplicons. Microbiomes were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq 2 × 250 base pair chemistry with a paired-end protocol. Based on Alpha diversity indices, phylum and genera level diversity, abundance differences, and heat map analysis, the fungal microbiomes of conjunctival swabs and corneal scrapings of individuals with fungal keratitis exhibited dysbiosis (alterations in the diversity and abundance) compared to the ocular surface microbiome of the healthy control individuals. This is the first report indicating dysbiosis in the fungal microbiome of conjunctival swabs and corneal scrapings in individuals with fungal keratitis. A total of 11 genera present in the majority of the eyes constituted the variable core ocular microbiome.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in the Ocular Surface Fungal Microbiome in Fungal Keratitis Patients

et al. 2019

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“…These observations of increase in pathogenic fungi in T2DM are also similar to ones with allergic asthma [85] implying that such changes may be common to several diseases mediated by mast cells and aggravate allergic inflammation [86]. The only studies available on ocular diseases include gut mycobiome changes in UVT [59], BK [18] and FK [19]. When we compared the BK and UVT mycobiomes, 18 identical fungi were identified either at the genera or higher level exhibited a decrease in abundance and included fungi that were beneficial to HC due to their anti-inflammatory or anti-pathogenic effects [18,59].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 58%

“…Since these studies were undertaken simultaneously, a few of the individuals in the HC cohort were identical. The data of 13 of 30 HC samples were reported in our earlier reports [18,19,59]. Fecal samples were collected by the study subjects at home in a sterile container (HiMedia, India) without any storage medium and delivered within 4 hours to LVPEI at room temperature.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Gut mycobiomes are altered in people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Retinopathy

et al. 2020

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Studies have documented dysbiosis in the gut mycobiome in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, it is not known whether dysbiosis in the gut mycobiome of T2DM patients would be reflected in people with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and if so, is the observed mycobiome dysbiosis similar in people with T2DM and DR. Gut mycobiomes were generated from healthy controls (HC), people with T2DM and people with DR through Illumina sequencing of ITS2 region. Data were analysed using QIIME and R software. Dysbiotic changes were observed in people with T2DM and DR compared to HC at the phyla and genera level. Mycobiomes of HC, T2DM and DR could be discriminated by heat map analysis, Beta diversity analysis and LEfSE analysis. Spearman correlation of fungal genera indicated more negative correlation in HC compared to T2DM and DR mycobiomes. This study demonstrates dysbiosis in the gut mycobiomes in people with T2DM and DR compared to HC. These differences were significant both at the phyla and genera level between people with T2DM and DR as well. Such studies on mycobiomes may provide new insights and directions to identification of specific fungi associated with T2DM and DR and help developing novel therapies for Diabetes Mellitus and DR.

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“…(46). Members [wuc] of the Pleosporales order, however, have been associated with healthy mucosa in studies involving the occurrence of UV light-derived eye inflammation (96), as well as in the study on CD described by 82.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Dysbiosis Correlates With the Development of Tumour-Induced Cachexia in Mice

Jabès

Maria

Barbosa

et al. 2020

Preprint

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ABSTRACTCachexia (CC) is a devastating metabolic syndrome associated with a series of underlying diseases that greatly affects life quality and expectancy among cancer patients. Studies involving mouse models, in which CC was induced through inoculation with tumor cells, originally suggested the existence of a direct correlation between the development of this syndrome and changes in the relative proportions of several bacterial groups present in the digestive tract. However, these analyses have focus solely on the characterization of bacterial dysbiosis, ignoring the possible existence of changes in the relative populations of fungi, during the development of CC. Thus, the present study sought to expand such analyses, by characterizing changes that occur in the gut fungal population (mycobiota) of mice, during the development of cancer-induced cachexia. Our results confirm that cachectic animals display significant differences in their gut mycobiota, when compared to healthy controls. Moreover, identification of dysbiotic fungi showed remarkable consistency across successive levels of taxonomic hierarchy. Many of these fungi have also been associated with dysbioses observed in a series of gut inflammatory diseases, such as obesity, Colorectal Cancer (CRC), Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Nonetheless, the CC-associated dysbiosis seems to be unique, presenting features observed in both obesity (reduced proportion of Mucoromycota) and CRC/ME/IBD (increased proportions of Sordariomycetes, Saccharomycetaceae and Malassezia). One species of Mucoromycota (Rhyzopus oryzae) stands out as a promising probiotic candidate in adjuvant therapies, aimed at treating and/or preventing the development of CC.

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Implicating Dysbiosis of the Gut Fungal Microbiome in Uveitis, an Inflammatory Disease of the Eye

Cited by 37 publications

References 50 publications

Alterations in the Ocular Surface Fungal Microbiome in Fungal Keratitis Patients

Alterations in the Ocular Surface Fungal Microbiome in Fungal Keratitis Patients

Gut mycobiomes are altered in people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Retinopathy

Fungal Dysbiosis Correlates With the Development of Tumour-Induced Cachexia in Mice

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