Implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Small-Scale Fisheries

Jentoft, Svein; Chuenpagdee, Ratana; Franz, Nicole; Barragán‐Paladines, María José

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55074-9_1

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The Food and Agricultural Organization's "Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Small-Scale Sustainable Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication" (hereafter FAO SSF Guidelines), ratified in 2014, emphasize the importance of securing the tenurial rights of small-scale fishers, which include providing them equal access to fishery resources and fishing grounds (Kurien, 2015). However, the implementation of these guidelines has been resisted in many regions and is yet to make the desired impact on local communities (Jentoft et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy gaps in the East African Blue economy: Perspectives of small-scale fishers on port development in Kenya and Tanzania

Thoya

Horigue²,

Möllmann³

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Recently, the rights of small-scale fishers have increasingly been acknowledged in ocean governance because coastal development and various maritime activities have reduced traditional fishing grounds. More specifically, small-scale fisheries (SSF) are increasingly being threatened by ocean grabbing, pollution, and a lack of inclusiveness in decision-making processes. Although there are guidelines to resolve and reduce conflict, formal avenues to include fisher concerns, particularly in the context of ocean development and governance, remain a difficult task. Moreover, there is insufficient information on how fishers are impacted by coastal and marine development and how their concerns are included in the decision-making process. Hence, this study contributes to the SSF discourse by understanding and describing the characteristics and concerns of small-scale fishers from two coastal towns in East Africa with different levels of port development. Using data from perception surveys, focus group discussions, and participatory mapping, we discuss how fishers were involved in the decision-making processes to develop ports in Lamu, Kenya, and Bagamoyo, Tanzania. We found that fishers rely on nearshore ecosystems such as mangroves and coral reefs because of their accessibility since most fishers only use low-powered boats for fishing. Moreover, we found that the fishers’ livelihoods were severely affected by port development and that they were excluded from the decision-making process concerning the port’s construction and fishers’ compensations. While some fishers believe that new ports in the region can increase their livelihoods by creating new markets and jobs, this is unlikely to happen since most fishers are not qualified to work in formal port-related jobs. We propose three steps that will allow fishermen to participate in port development decision-making processes and contribute to the development of a sustainable SSF. These include improving engagement with fishers to allow meaningful participation in decision-making, developing a blue economy policy focused on SSF, and implementing maritime spatial planning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy gaps in the East African Blue economy: Perspectives of small-scale fishers on port development in Kenya and Tanzania

Thoya

Horigue²,

Möllmann³

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…The AMPR model was proposed and implemented by the Costa Rican National Institute of Fishing and Aquaculture (INCOPESCA), a Costa Rican government organization. The AMPR model reflects Costa Rica's commitment to the implementation of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines (FAO 2015a,b;Jentoft et al 2017) and the code of Conduct for responsible fisheries (FAO 1995). In addition, a national decree 1 has approved the 'National Plan for the Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture', which commits to implementing the codes of conduct from the FAO, implement and follow more AMPRs, along with other goals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do responsible fishing areas work? Comparing collective action challenges in three small-scale fisheries in Costa Rica

et al. 2019

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is supporting Marine Areas of Responsible Fishing (AMPRs) to enable small-scale fishing communities to apply for exclusive harvesting and management rights within spatially delimited areas under a comanagement policy framework. Communities need to self-organize their own fishing association and develop a fishing management plan (POP) to apply. Seven AMPRs have been established in the Gulf of Nicoya, highlighting Costa Rica's efforts to follow the FAO Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines, but all face collective action challenges to develop and achieve common goals and implementation. In this article, we conduct a qualitative comparative analysis by applying the Social-Ecological System Framework (SESF) as a tool to identify the social 706 Isis Ivania Chavez Carrillo et al. and ecological conditions influencing collective action and co-management in three AMPRs in the Gulf of Nicoya, and we compare the similarities and differences between them. Our findings show that all three AMPRs face collective action challenges for different reasons. Nonetheless, some commonalities exist. Common drivers have motivated collective action in the creation of the AMPRs, including the desire to restrict certain types of fishing gears due to perceptions of resource scarcity and high dependence on local resources. Variables such as monitoring and sanctioning mechanisms, strong leadership and the economic heterogeneity of actors positively influence collective action in management. However, there are also variables hindering collective action, such as mistrust among actors, internal conflicts, lack of governmental support and resource unit mobility. Our findings suggest that AMPRs are a promising and potentially effective governance strategy because they can empower marginalized small-scale fishing communities and bring them into national development processes. However, there is an evident need for more state and local community investment into capacity building for self-organization and deliberation processes that can better enable AMPRs to move beyond "paper parks", and towards being a practically useful governance strategy to showcase Costa Rica's commitment to FAO Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines. Adapting the AMPR model to fit the social-ecological context of each community is critical for success, despite the perceived similarity between the AMPRs.

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“…Selective studies suggest possibly similar numbers in the secondary sectors-processing, marketing and other pre-and post-harvest activities where women tend to play essential roles, but which suffer from very little systematic data recordings [39]. Small-scale fisheries, if supported by appropriate policies, could be a model of sustainability, that is, if they could continue contributing directly to food and livelihood security, poverty reduction and wealth creation and coastal and rural development of many, not only developing, countries [40]. The operation, particularly of long-range industrial fisheries, illustrates the impact of these activities on third country taxes and commercial activities, on distant environments, and on realms of different legal or regulatory jurisdiction.…”

Section: First Example: Small-scale Fisheries (Ssf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, effective implementation of the SSF Guidelines will package many threads of (top-down and bottom-up) action in a context-specific and actor-dependent manner. It will be a challenging case-by-case approach, whether at local, national, or regional levels [40]; however, driven by a common ethical orientation.…”

Section: First Example: Small-scale Fisheries (Ssf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethics to Intersect Civic Participation and Formal Guidance

2019

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Sound governance arrangement in socio-ecological systems (human niche) combines different means of sense-making. The sustainability of human niche-building depends on the governability of the social-ecological systems (SES) forming the niche. Experiences from small-scale marine fisheries and seabed mining illustrate how ethical frameworks, civic participation and formalised guidance combine in the context of a “blue economy”. Three lines of inquiries contextualise these experiences driving research questions, such as “what is the function of ethics for governability?” First, complex-adaptive SES are featured to emphasise the sense-making feedback loop in SES. Actors are part of this feedback loop and can use different means of sense-making to guide their actions. Second, the “Voluntary Guidelines for Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries” and geoethical thinking are featured to highlight the relevance of actor-centric concepts. Third, Kohlberg’s model of “stages of moral adequacy” and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) are used to show how to strengthen actor-centric virtue-ethics. Combining these lines of inquiry leads to the conclusion that ethical frameworks, civic participation and formalised guidance, when put in a mutual context, support governability and multi-actor/level policy-making. Further research could explore how creativity can strengthen civic participation, a feature only sketched here.

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Implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Small-Scale Fisheries

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Policy gaps in the East African Blue economy: Perspectives of small-scale fishers on port development in Kenya and Tanzania

Policy gaps in the East African Blue economy: Perspectives of small-scale fishers on port development in Kenya and Tanzania

Do responsible fishing areas work? Comparing collective action challenges in three small-scale fisheries in Costa Rica

Ethics to Intersect Civic Participation and Formal Guidance

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