Implementing the Health Early Warning System based on syndromic and event-based surveillance at the 2019 Hajj

Bieh, Kingsley; Khan, Anas; Yezli, Saber; El-Ganainy, Ahmed; Asiri, Sari; Alotaibi, Badriah; Ghallab, Sujoud; Elkholy, Amgad; Abubakar, Abdinasir; Jokhdar, Hani

doi:10.26719/emhj.20.129

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…In our study, a systematic data collection of selected symptoms among yatris and their surveillance through tablets could be established during the panchkroshi yatra. This proves that the tablet-based surveillance can complement the existing surveillance for detecting early warning signals [ 29 , 30 ]. The morbidity profile of the pilgrims used the syndromic surveillance in the study may not be generalizable but with approximate sample of 5000 participants in each year, the findings are indicative enough to inform us about the burden, pattern and gender variability of the morbidity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Syndromic surveillance system during mass gathering of Panchkroshi Yatra festival, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India

Diwan

Sharma

Ganeshkumar

et al. 2023

New Microbes and New Infections

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Syndromic surveillance system during mass gathering of Panchkroshi Yatra festival, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India

Diwan

Sharma

Ganeshkumar

et al. 2023

New Microbes and New Infections

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“…The 8 included studies in this review reported MG events in different countries for different purposes where an infectious disease surveillance system was implemented, described, or evaluated. A total of 2 studies on religious gatherings were included: 1 (50%) from Saudi Arabia (the Hajj in 2015 and 2019) [ 25 , 27 ] and 1 (50%) from India (the Prayagraj Kumbh in 2019) [ 24 ]. In total, 38% (3/8) of studies on sporting events were included [ 21 , 28 , 29 ] (the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games in London, and the 2014 Micronesian Games in Pohnpei in the Federated States of Micronesia).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only 12% (1/8) of the studies with more than one type of MG event (ie, religious, sporting, and other events) described the surveillance systems used in each event [ 31 ]. All the included studies (8/8, 100%) were interventional studies with descriptions of a public health intervention (ie, a surveillance system that was piloted [ 21 ], implemented [ 24 , 25 , 27 , 31 ], enhanced [ 29 , 30 ], or evaluated [ 28 ]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Public Health Digital Surveillance Systems for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control at Mass Gatherings: Systematic Review

Maddah¹,

Verma²,

Almashmoum³

et al. 2023

J Med Internet Res

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Background Mass gatherings (MGs; eg, religious, sporting, musical, sociocultural, and other occasions that draw large crowds) pose public health challenges and concerns related to global health. A leading global concern regarding MGs is the possible importation and exportation of infectious diseases as they spread from the attendees to the general population, resulting in epidemic outbreaks. Governments and health authorities use technological interventions to support public health surveillance and prevent and control infectious diseases. Objective This study aims to review the evidence on the effectiveness of public health digital surveillance systems for infectious disease prevention and control at MG events. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in January 2022 using the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus databases to examine relevant articles published in English up to January 2022. Interventional studies describing or evaluating the effectiveness of public health digital surveillance systems for infectious disease prevention and control at MGs were included in the analysis. Owing to the lack of appraisal tools for interventional studies describing and evaluating public health digital surveillance systems at MGs, a critical appraisal tool was developed and used to assess the quality of the included studies. Results In total, 8 articles were included in the review, and 3 types of MGs were identified: religious (the Hajj and Prayagraj Kumbh), sporting (the Olympic and Paralympic Games, the Federation International Football Association World Cup, and the Micronesian Games), and cultural (the Festival of Pacific Arts) events. In total, 88% (7/8) of the studies described surveillance systems implemented at MG events, and 12% (1/8) of the studies described and evaluated an enhanced surveillance system that was implemented for an event. In total, 4 studies reported the implementation of a surveillance system: 2 (50%) described the enhancement of the system that was implemented for an event, 1 (25%) reported a pilot implementation of a surveillance system, and 1 (25%) reported an evaluation of an enhanced system. The types of systems investigated were 2 syndromic, 1 participatory, 1 syndromic and event-based, 1 indicator- and event-based, and 1 event-based surveillance system. In total, 62% (5/8) of the studies reported timeliness as an outcome generated after implementing or enhancing the system without measuring its effectiveness. Only 12% (1/8) of the studies followed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems and the outcomes of enhanced systems based on the systems’ attributes to measure their effectiveness. Conclusions On the basis of the review of the literature and the analysis of the included studies, there is limited evidence of the effectiveness of public health digital surveillance systems for infectious disease prevention and control at MGs because of the absence of evaluation studies.

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“…However, one study used self-reports in which patients detailed their own health condition and other factors, such as location and social encounter information, via a phone app [28]. The surveys or forms were administered over two primary mediums: paper-based, and digital offered via tablet or computer [12,[20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Data Sources and Event Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syndromic Surveillance Systems for Mass Gatherings: A Scoping Review

Spector

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Syndromic surveillance involves the near-real-time collection of data from a potential multitude of sources to detect outbreaks of disease or adverse health events earlier than traditional forms of public health surveillance. The purpose of the present study is to elucidate the role of syndromic surveillance during mass gathering scenarios. In the present review, the use of syndromic surveillance for mass gathering scenarios is described, including characteristics such as methodologies of data collection and analysis, degree of preparation and collaboration, and the degree to which prior surveillance infrastructure is utilized. Nineteen publications were included for data extraction. The most common data source for the included syndromic surveillance systems was emergency departments, with first aid stations and event-based clinics also present. Data were often collected using custom reporting forms. While syndromic surveillance can potentially serve as a method of informing public health policy regarding specific mass gatherings based on the profile of syndromes ascertained, the present review does not indicate that this form of surveillance is a reliable method of detecting potentially critical public health events during mass gathering scenarios.

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Implementing the Health Early Warning System based on syndromic and event-based surveillance at the 2019 Hajj

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Syndromic surveillance system during mass gathering of Panchkroshi Yatra festival, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India

Syndromic surveillance system during mass gathering of Panchkroshi Yatra festival, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India

Effectiveness of Public Health Digital Surveillance Systems for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control at Mass Gatherings: Systematic Review

Syndromic Surveillance Systems for Mass Gatherings: A Scoping Review

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