Implementing Circular-Bioeconomy Principles across Two Value Chains of the Wood-Based Sector: A Conceptual Approach

Abstract

The wood-based sector has the potential to contribute significantly to the circular bioeconomy. This paper examines the potential for implementing circular bioeconomy principles across two value chains, covering five sectors: “sawnwood”, “bioenergy”, “construction”, “paper and pulp”, and “cellulose-based fibres and plastics”. The qualitative value chain analysis is limited to the material flow and demonstrates that a circular approach requires transformation across entire value chains. Implementing circular bioeconomy principles will require new business models, cooperation across sectors and companies, and the application of new technologies and management tools. More importantly, the results demonstrate that more applicable tools and methods are needed to analyse circularity. The results likewise confirm prevailing conceptual ambiguities surrounding the circular bioeconomy concept, such as the relationship between circularity and sustainability, which would need clarification. For example, circularity does not equal sustainability, nor guarantees economic viability for the wood-based sector. The paper argues that a circular wood-based system needs tailored governance approaches as there are no one-size-fits-all solutions. The wood-based sectors will also need to account for sustainability criteria and the natural limitations of wood (as a material) to close value retention loops.

Sustainability and Circular Economy Business Development

“…This encourages businesses to adopt practices that minimize environmental impact and promote social equity. The CE complements this by advocating for the continuous use of resources through recycling, reusing, and remanufacturing, thereby reducing waste and conserving natural resources [15,16]. When integrated, these approaches help businesses innovate, improve efficiency, and build resilience against resource scarcity and regulatory pressures.…”

Forest Bioeconomy from the Perspectives of Different EU Countries and Its Potential for Measuring Sustainability

“…At the same time, new materials and technologies are emerging that aim to add value to wood products, reduce the carbon and water footprints of products and processes, reduce pollution and waste generation, and improve circulation. This approach, applying the principles of the bioeconomy, yields positive results, helping us to achieve sustainability [37][38][39].…”