Implementing Atmospheric Fate in Regulatory Risk Assessment of Pesticides: (How) Can it be Done?

Bakker, D.J.; Gilbert, A. J.; Gottschild, D.; Kuchnicki, T. C.; Laane, R.W.P.M.; Linders, Jan; Meent, Dik van de; Montforts, Mark; Pino, Jesús Santiago Notario del; Pol, J.W.; Straalen, Nico M. van

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-1536-2_12

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These findings indicate a need to consider the potential for long-range transport of pesticides in the process of regulatory risk assessment. 5…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides in Perspective

Duyzer¹

2003

J. Environ. Monitor.

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Atmospheric deposition may be an important source of persistent organic compounds (POP) and pesticides for the Dutch coastal and inland waters. Current estimates of the atmospheric input have been made using atmospheric dispersion models. The uncertainty is however large. A project was defined with the aim to assess the input on the basis of measurements. For a period of two years (1999-2001) a monitoring network was operated. At eighteen stations, located across the whole country, air and precipitation samples were taken on a weekly and monthly basis. In these samples the concentrations of pesticides, PCB's and PAH's were determined. Up to 50 different pesticides were observed in precipitation and air. The concentration of 17 of these in precipitation exceeded the maximum permissible level for surface water and 22 exceeded the standard for drinking water of 100 ng l(-1). The input from the atmosphere to Dutch inland waters appeared to be as large as the input of pesticides by other sources such as spray drift. Model calculations were also carried out to identify the sources of these compounds. The occurrence of atrazine could be related to emissions outside the Netherlands.

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“…These findings indicate a need to consider the potential for long-range transport of pesticides in the process of regulatory risk assessment. 5…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides in Perspective

Duyzer¹

2003

J. Environ. Monitor.

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“…Between water and the atmosphere, there is an exchange of chemical compounds by volatilization, via sea spray and by deposition. It appeared that it was necessary to incorporate atmospheric transport and fate of chemical compounds into regulations on risk assessment (Bakker et al, 1999). Atmospheric deposi tion is an important transport route of various chemical compounds to the aquatic environment (Bridgman, 1990).…”

Section: Atmospheric Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Organic Compounds in the Estuarine and Coastal Environment

Laane

Meent²,

Voogt³

et al. 2011

Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science

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“…Measuring Leaf Penetration and Volatilization of Chlorothalonil and Epoxiconazole Applied on Wheat Leaves in a Laboratory-Scale Experiment Nebila Lichiheb, Carole Bedos,* Erwan Personne,* Pierre Benoit, Valérie Bergheaud, Olivier Fanucci, Jihene Bouhlel, and Enrique Barriuso T here are growing concerns over the occurrence of pesticides in the atmosphere due to their immediate impact on human health (Viel and Richardson, 1993) and on ecosystems (Führ et al, 1998;Bakker et al, 1999). Volatilization of pesticides after application to soil or plants may represent a major emission pathway for losses to the atmosphere, accounting for up to several percentage of the application dose in some cases (Bedos et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T here are growing concerns over the occurrence of pesticides in the atmosphere due to their immediate impact on human health (Viel and Richardson, 1993) and on ecosystems (Führ et al, 1998; Bakker et al, 1999). Volatilization of pesticides after application to soil or plants may represent a major emission pathway for losses to the atmosphere, accounting for up to several percentage of the application dose in some cases (Bedos et al, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Measuring Leaf Penetration and Volatilization of Chlorothalonil and Epoxiconazole Applied on Wheat Leaves in a Laboratory-Scale Experiment

et al. 2015

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Estimation of pesticide volatilization from plants is difficult because of our poor understanding of foliar penetration by pesticides, which governs the amount of pesticide available for volatilization from the leaf surface. The description of foliar penetration is still incomplete because experimental measurements of this complex process are difficult. In this study, the dynamics of leaf penetration of C-chlorothalonil and C-epoxiconazole applied to wheat leaves were measured in a volatilization chamber, which allowed us to simultaneously measure pesticide volatilization. Fungicide penetration into leaves was characterized using a well-defined sequential extraction procedure distinguishing pesticide fractions residing at different foliar compartments; this enabled us to accurately measure the penetration rate constant into the leaves. The effect of pesticide formulation was also examined by comparing formulated and pure epoxiconazole. We observed a strong effect of formulation on leaf penetration in the case of a systemic product. Furthermore, the penetration rate constant of formulated epoxiconazole was almost three times that of pure epoxiconazole (0.47 ± 0.20 and 0.17 ± 0.07, respectively). Our experimental results showed high recovery rates of the radioactivity applied within the range of 90.5 to 105.2%. Moreover, our results confirm that pesticide physicochemical properties are key factors in understanding leaf penetration of pesticide and its volatilization. This study provides important and useful parameters for mechanistic models describing volatilization of fungicides applied to plants, which are scarce in the literature.

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Implementing Atmospheric Fate in Regulatory Risk Assessment of Pesticides: (How) Can it be Done?

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Pesticides in Perspective

Pesticides in Perspective

Modeling Organic Compounds in the Estuarine and Coastal Environment

Measuring Leaf Penetration and Volatilization of Chlorothalonil and Epoxiconazole Applied on Wheat Leaves in a Laboratory-Scale Experiment

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