“…Data from WiFi hotspots and Bluetooth beacons, along with historical data, are used to analyze passenger behavior at airports ( Nikoue et al, 2015 ; Huang et al, 2019 ) and at transit stations ( Van den Heuvel et al, 2016 ). If available, data generated by passengers smartphone and collected by phone carriers can be processed to analyze the door-to-door behavior of passengers ( Marzuoli et al, 2019 , Marzuoli et al, 2018 ; García-Albertos et al, 2017 ), both under nominal and degraded conditions. However data gathered directly from smartphones are proprietary data and are not often publicly available for research.…”