Implementing a team approach to end-of-life care

Systematic Realist Review of Key Factors Affecting the Successful Implementation and Sustainability of the Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patient

“…In relation to education and training, Greenhalgh et al's (2004) model suggests that sufficient training regarding task issues during early use of a programme affects successful adoption, and enhances implementation and sustainability. This was universally supported in the literature (Currie & Harvey 2000;Jones & Johnstone 2004;Ellershaw & Murphy 2005;Luhrs et al 2005;Mirando et al 2005;McNicholl et al 2006;Dawson et al 2007;Lhussier et al 2007;Gambles et al 2006;DHWA 2009;Jackson et al 2009;Lo et al 2009;MCPCI 2009c;Paterson et al 2009). Ongoing education was also found to be important in relation to sustainability (Jones & Johnstone 2004;Veerbeek et al 2008;Jackson et al 2009) and needs to be mandatory; especially for doctors (MCPCI 2009a;O'Hara 2011).…”

“…; Dawson et al. ; Taylor & Randall ; DHWA ; Kennedy et al. ; Midson & Carter ); a desired outcome of the LCP (MCPCI ).…”

“…For example, education created more confidence and openness in staff to discuss death and dying. This in turn improved communication and collaboration amongst the multidisciplinary team, and with patients and their relatives (Pooler et al 2003;Hockley et al 2004;Jack et al 2003;Jones & Johnstone 2004;Rycroft-Malone et al 2004;Hockley et al 2005;Dawson et al 2007;Taylor & Randall 2007;DHWA 2009;Kennedy et al 2009;Midson & Carter 2010); a desired outcome of the LCP (MCPCI 2009d).…”

“…According to Greenhalgh et al's (2004) model, support and advocacy from top management for the implementation process is vital for success. This was borne out in the literature, which showed that necessary resources were made available only with the approval or support of top management (Kitchiner & Bundred 1999;Jones & Johnstone 2004;Mellor et al 2004;Carr et al 2005;Ellershaw & Murphy 2005;Hockley et al 2005;Mirando et al 2005;Main et al 2006;Dawson et al 2007;Preston 2007;Taylor & Randall 2007;DHWA 2009;Edmonds et al 2009;Masso & McCarthy 2009).…”