Implementation road map and conditions for success

Huisman, Jaco; Stevels, A.; Baldé, Kees; Magalini, Federico; Kuehr, Ruediger

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102158-3.00005-7

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The latest study reported that concentrations of SCCPs and MCCPs in PVC cables were found to be up to 191 mg g –1 and 145 mg g –1 , respectively. According to statistics, e-wastes contain approximately 30% plastics, and 12 million tons of plastic wastes are generated annually from e-products worldwide. , Rudimentary operations including unprotected manual dismantling and thermal treatment employed in the recycling of FR- and plasticizer-containing PVC e-waste inevitably result in extensive releases of CPs into the local environment. There are a few studies − indicating severe pollution of CPs in several e-waste recycling areas in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effects of Dust and Dietary Exposure of Occupational Workers and Local Residents to Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in a Mega E-Waste Recycling Industrial Park in South China

Chen

Lam

Zhu

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Four types of dust samples and nine categories of locally produced staple foods were collected from a mega e-waste recycling industrial park and its surrounding regions, and simultaneously analyzed for short-chain and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (CPs) to estimate dust and dietary exposure and their combined effects on occupational workers and local residents. All samples related to e-waste activities contained considerably high concentrations of CPs. The highest dust concentration was found in e-waste workshops. CPs were highly accumulated in local plant and animal origin foods, most markedly in fish, vegetables, and rice. The main contribution to CP intake under a median exposure scenario was from the diet, and vegetables, fish, and rice were the three largest dietary intake sources. Only the combined dust and food exposure from the present study has approached or even exceeded the highest tolerable daily intake (TDI) set up by the International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS). However, due to lack of official threshold values for CP exposure on adverse human health, there are limitations on accurate risk assessment. Considering the presence of other exposure pathways, CPs' endocrine disrupter properties, as well as the multicomponent chemical "cocktails" effects, potential high risks from CP exposure may be posed to e-waste workers and local residents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effects of Dust and Dietary Exposure of Occupational Workers and Local Residents to Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in a Mega E-Waste Recycling Industrial Park in South China

Chen

Lam

Zhu

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The third one is the harmlessness of products and processes throughout their life cycle. Finally, the fourth principle is constant development of knowledge about polymer engineering and recycling pathways [ 9 , 53 , 54 ].…”

Section: Recycling Engineering and Shreddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the EU Waste Framework Directive ( Figure 1 ), the amount of generated waste should be reduced first (e.g., through a conscious design of products consisting of minimizing the consumption of raw materials, facilitating reuse and recycling) [ 29 , 54 , 60 , 61 ]. With regard to plastic waste, four main methods of EoL management ( Figure 2 ) are used: reuse, recycling, landfilling, and incineration (without energy recovery).…”

Section: Recycling Engineering and Shreddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Efficient Contaminated Polymer Materials Shredding in Recycling Processes

2021

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Recently, a dynamic increase in the number of polymer elements ending their life cycle has been observed. There are three main ways of dealing with polymer waste: reuse in an unchanged form, recycling (both material and energy), and disposal (mainly in the form of landfilling or incineration). The legislation of European countries promotes in particular two forms of waste management: reuse and recycling. Recycling processes are used to recover materials and energy especially from contaminated waste, which are structurally changed by other materials, friction, temperature, machine, process, etc. The recycling of polymers, especially of multi-plastic structural elements, requires the use of special technological installations and a series of preparatory operations, including crushing and separating. Due to the universality and necessity of materials processing in recycling engineering, in particular size reduction, the aim of this study is to organize and systematize knowledge about shredding in the recycling process of end-of-life polymeric materials. This could help properly design these processes in the context of sustainable development and circular economy. Firstly, an overview of the possibilities of end-of-life plastics management was made, and the meaning of shredding in the end-of-life pathways was described. Then, the development of comminution in recycling processes was presented, with special emphasis given to quasi-cutting as the dominant mode of comminution of polymeric materials. The phenomenon of quasi-cutting, as well as factors related to the material, the operation of the shredding machine, and the technological process affecting it were described. Research conducted on quasi-cutting as a phenomenon when cutting single material samples and quasi-cutting as a machine process was characterized. Then, issues regarding recycling potentials in the context of shredding were systematized. Considerations included the areas of material, technical, energy, human, and control potentials. Presented bases and models can be used to support the innovation of creative activities, i.e., environmentally friendly actions, that produce specific positive environmental results in the mechanical processing of recycled and reused materials. The literature survey indicates the need to explore the environmental aspect of the shredding process in recycling and connect the shredding process variables with environmental consequences. This will help to design and control the processes to get the lowest possible environmental burdens.

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“…E-waste has been referred to as one of the most challenging classifications of garbage to manage (Borthakur and Singh, 2020). Developed nations know that recycling outdated electronic equipment helps protect the environment from dangerous chemicals (Huisman et al, 2021), but only 15% of the e-waste created in 2014 was formally disposed of through national take-back programs (Wang et al, 2016). Additionally, according to the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) (Greenspace, 2008), only 10% of the world's e-waste is recycled in industrialized nations, with the other 90% being shipped to underdeveloped nations worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic waste bank model as a solution for implementing circular economy: Case study DKI Jakarta-Indonesia

Rimantho

Syaiful²,

Nurfaida³

et al. 2022

Front. Built Environ.

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Indonesia currently does not use a systematic method of managing electronic waste (e-waste). The informal sector handles e-waste mostly without regard to the environment or public health. Establishing a national collection system favored by the community is the most challenging problem. Even though the waste bank system (WB) does not collect e-waste, it can provide a solution because it is well known as a recycling program by Indonesian citizens. This study proposes a WB system model for e-waste collection to interact with other stakeholders in DKI Jakarta, Field research and interviews with several essential informants were conducted. E-waste samples were identified to determine the composition of the current management and proposed an e-waste bank model as a sustainable circular economy implementation. E-waste has enormous potential for recycling, but it also has hazardous materials if not recycled properly. The government must make national regulations on e-waste management and develop cooperation between local governments, industry/producers, recycling industries, and the community to build a WB-based e-waste collection system.

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Implementation road map and conditions for success

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Combined Effects of Dust and Dietary Exposure of Occupational Workers and Local Residents to Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in a Mega E-Waste Recycling Industrial Park in South China

Combined Effects of Dust and Dietary Exposure of Occupational Workers and Local Residents to Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in a Mega E-Waste Recycling Industrial Park in South China

The Development of Efficient Contaminated Polymer Materials Shredding in Recycling Processes

Electronic waste bank model as a solution for implementing circular economy: Case study DKI Jakarta-Indonesia

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