Organization as "carbohydrate intolerance resulting in hyperglycaemia of variable severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy."1 Maternal hyperglycemia results in excess transfer of glucose to the fetus resulting in fetal hyperinsulinemia. The effects of fetal hyperinsulinemia include an overgrowth of insulin-sensitive tissues, causing accelerated growth and large babies, which increases the risk of delivery complications such as shoulder dystocia, birth trauma, and the need for caesarean section. Fetal hypoxemia is also more common, which may increase the risk of intrauterine fetal death, fetal polycythemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Recognizing and treating GDM to achieve tight glycemic control, has been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce these obstetric and fetal complications. 3,4 However, in the rapidly changing physiology of pregnancy, the development of GDM and its progression to requiring treatment are difficult to accurately predict. Once on treatment, further and rapid titration of medication is often required to maintain optimal glycemic control. Moreover, GDM is most often diagnosed in the last trimester of pregnancy
AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as new onset or recognition of glucose intolerance in pregnancy. Evidence supports tight blood glucose regulation to prevent adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Finger-prick blood glucose (BG) testing with frequent clinic review remains the most common method of managing diabetes in pregnancy. The prevalence of GDM is rising globally, pressuring resource-limited services. We have developed an intuitive, interactive, reliable, and accurate management system to record BG measurements and deliver management of GDM remotely. Following an initial scoping phase, a prototype software application was developed using an Android smartphone with BG meter linkage via Bluetooth. A custom website was built for clinician review of the data transmitted by the smartphone. After system refinement, further evaluation was undertaken for usability and reliability in a 48-patient service development project. Women used the system for an average of 13.1 weeks. In all, 19 686 BG measures were transmitted, 98.6% of which had a meal tag. A total of 466 text messages were transmitted. A mean of 30 BG readings per woman per week were transmitted, and 85% of women submitted the minimum requirement of 18 readings per week. We have developed a novel, real-time, smartphone-based BG monitoring management system that allows clinician review of real-time patient-annotated BG results. Results indicate high usage and excellent compliance by women. Robust clinical, economic, and satisfaction evaluations are required. To address these requirements, we are currently conducting a randomized controlled pilot trial.