Implementation of Spatial Transformation Rules for Goal-Directed Reaching via Gain Modulation in Monkey Parietal and Premotor Cortex

Gail, Alexander; Klaes, Christian; Westendorff, Stephanie

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1095-09.2009

Cited by 79 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The context was represented earlier and more prevalently in PMd than PRR. Toward the end of the R condition memory period, the fraction of rule-tuned cells was only slightly higher in PMd than PRR, consistent with earlier reports (Gail et al, 2009). This finding does not imply any specific effect on the relative time courses of motor-goal encoding in PMd versus PRR after the spatial go-cue at the end of the R condition memory period.…”

Section: Spatial Remapping Induces Differences In Motor-goal Latenciesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Two male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta; monkey S and monkey A) were trained to perform the anti-reach task with partial precueing. The recording procedure was as in previous experiments (Gail et al, 2009). In brief, monkeys were implanted with a titanium head holder and two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible recording chambers, custom-fit to the monkeys' heads (3di).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reciprocally connected posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) are believed to mediate such space-context integration (Mitz et al, 1991;Kalaska, 1996;Wise et al, 1996;Kalaska et al, 1997;Passingham et al, 2000;Eliassen et al, 2003;Wallis and Miller, 2003;Stoet and Snyder, 2004;Buneo and Andersen, 2006;Cisek, 2007;Pesaran et al, 2008). For example, neurons in the parietal reach region (PRR) (Gail and Andersen, 2006;Gail et al, 2009) and PMd (Boussaoud and Wise, 1993;di Pellegrino and Wise, 1993;Kalaska, 1994, 2000) show sustained motor-goal tuning when the reach goal has to be inferred from a spatial cue by applying a context-specific transformation rule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Network models of space-context integration have suggested frontoparietal projections to help sustain motor-goal memory (Cisek, 2006) or to mediate context-specific visuomotor transformations via gain modulation (Brozović et al, 2007;Gail et al, 2009). Also, frontoparietal neural latency differences (LDs) were shown for motor-related activity around the time of movement initiation (Kalaska et al, 1983;Johnson et al, 1996), which nourished the ideas that frontoparietal LDs could reflect corollary discharge signals (Mountcastle et al, 1975;Bioulac and Lamarre, 1979;Kalaska et al, 1983;Seal and Commenges, 1985;Johnson et al, 1996) and parietal cortex might be involved in internal forward modeling for current state estimation during motor control (Mulliken et al, 2008;Shadmehr and Krakauer, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cortical Timeline for Deciding on Reach Motor Goals

Westendorff

Klaes²,

Gail³

2010

J. Neurosci.

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Flexible sensorimotor planning is the basis for goal-directed behavior. We investigated the integration of visuospatial information with context-specific transformation rules during reach planning. We were especially interested in the relative timing of motor-goal decisions in monkey dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) and parietal reach region (PRR). We used a rule-based mapping task with different cueing conditions to compare task-dependent motor-goal latencies. The task allowed us a separation of cue-related from motor-related activity, and a separation of activity related to motor planning from activity related to motor initiation or execution. The results show that selectivity for the visuospatial goal of a pending movement occurred earlier in PMd than PRR whenever the task required spatial remapping. Such remapping was needed if the spatial representation of a cue or of a default motor plan had to be transformed into a spatially incongruent representation of the motor goal. In contrast, we did not find frontoparietal latency differences if the spatial representation of the cue or the default plan was spatially congruent with the motor goal. The fact that frontoparietal latency differences occurred only in conditions with spatial remapping was independent of the subjects' partial a priori knowledge about the pending goal. Importantly, frontoparietal latency differences existed for motor-goal representations during movement planning, without immediate motor execution. We interpret our findings as being in support of the hypothesis that latency differences reflect a dynamic reorganization of network activity in PRR, and suggest that the reorganization is contingent on frontoparietal projections from PMd.

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Section: Spatial Remapping Induces Differences In Motor-goal Latenciesupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Cortical Timeline for Deciding on Reach Motor Goals

Westendorff

Klaes²,

Gail³

2010

J. Neurosci.

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“…For example, AIP cells also showed a bimodal distribution of the onset of grip-type tuning with peaks during the cue and movement epoch, and a large percentage of AIP cells represented object orientation throughout the task (Baumann et al, 2009). These findings strongly suggest that sensorimotor transformation for hand grasping occurs in a distributed network including premotor and parietal cortices, similar to what is known for eye and arm movements control (Rizzolatti and Luppino, 2001;Andersen and Buneo, 2002;Gold and Shadlen, 2007;Pesaran et al, 2008;Gail et al, 2009). …”

Section: Comparison With Aipsupporting

confidence: 56%

Context-Specific Grasp Movement Representation in Macaque Ventral Premotor Cortex

Fluet¹,

Baumann²,

Scherberger³

2010

J. Neurosci.

110

109

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Hand grasping requires the transformation of sensory signals to hand movements. Neurons in area F5 (ventral premotor cortex) represent specific grasp movements (e.g., precision grip) as well as object features like orientation, and are involved in movement preparation and execution. Here, we examined how F5 neurons represent context-dependent grasping actions in macaques. We used a delayed grasping task in which animals grasped a handle either with a power or a precision grip depending on context information. Additionally, object orientation was varied to investigate how visual object features are integrated with context information. In 420 neurons from two animals, object orientation and grip type were equally encoded during the instruction epoch (27% and 26% of all cells, respectively). While orientation representation dropped during movement execution, grip type representation increased (20% vs 43%). According to tuning onset and offset, we classified neurons as sensory, sensorimotor, or motor. Grip type tuning was predominantly sensorimotor (28%) or motor (25%), whereas orientation-tuned cells were mainly sensory (11%) or sensorimotor (15%) and often also represented grip type (86%). Conversely, only 44% of grip-type tuned cells were also orientation-tuned. Furthermore, we found marked differences in the incidence of preferred conditions (power vs precision grips and middle vs extreme orientations) and in the anatomical distribution of the various cell classes. These results reveal important differences in how grip type and object orientation is processed in F5 and suggest that anatomically and functionally separable cell classes collaborate to generate hand grasping commands.

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Interleaved practice enhances skill learning and the functional connectivity of fronto‐parietal networks

Lin¹,

Chiang²,

Knowlton³

et al. 2012

Human Brain Mapping

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Practice of tasks in an interleaved order generally induces superior learning compared with practicing in a repetitive order, a phenomenon known as the contextual-interference (CI) effect. Increased neural activity during interleaved over repetitive practice has been associated with the beneficial effects of CI. Here, we used psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis to investigate whether the neural connectivity of the dorsal premotor (PM) and the dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) cortices changes when motor sequences are acquired through interleaved practice. Sixteen adults practiced a serial reaction time task where a set of three 4-element sequences were arranged in a repetitive or in an interleaved order on 2 successive days. On Day 5, participants were tested with practiced sequences to evaluate retention. A within-subjects design was used so that participants practiced sequences in the other condition (repetitive or interleaved) 2-4 weeks later. Functional magnetic resonance images were acquired during practice and retention. On Day 2 of practice, there was greater inter-regional functional connectivity in the interleaved compared with the repetitive condition for both PM-seeded and DLPFC-seeded connectivity. The increased functional connectivity between both seeded regions and sensorimotor cortical areas correlated with the benefit of interleaved practice during later retention. During retention, a significant PPI effect was found in DLPFC-seeded connectivity, with increased DLPFC-supplementary motor area connectivity correlated with the benefits of interleaved practice. These data suggest that interleaved practice benefits learning by enhancing coordination of sensorimotor cortical regions, and superior performance of sequences learned under CI is characterized by increased functional connectivity in frontal cortex.

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Implementation of Spatial Transformation Rules for Goal-Directed Reaching via Gain Modulation in Monkey Parietal and Premotor Cortex

Cited by 79 publications

References 47 publications

The Cortical Timeline for Deciding on Reach Motor Goals

The Cortical Timeline for Deciding on Reach Motor Goals

Context-Specific Grasp Movement Representation in Macaque Ventral Premotor Cortex

Interleaved practice enhances skill learning and the functional connectivity of fronto‐parietal networks

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