Implementation of Rotavirus Surveillance and Vaccine Introduction — World Health Organization African Region, 2007–2016

Mwenda, Jason M.; Burke, Rachel M; Shaba, Keith; Mihigo, Richard; Tevi-Benissan, Mable Carole; Mumba, Mutale; Biey, Joseph; Cheikh, Dah; Poy, Alain; Zawaira, Felicitas; Aliabadi, Negar; Tate, Jacqueline E.; Hyde, Terri B.; Cohen, Adam L.; Parashar, Umesh D.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6643a7

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Approximately 48% of febrile children in our study presented with diarrhea, but due to logistical constraints stool specimens were available for only 10 cases. Rotavirus A, the leading cause of pediatric diarrhea worldwide [56], was the most commonly identified microbe in this cohort. Rotavirus vaccination, known to be highly effective, is yet to be implemented in Uganda, but the need is clear [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Rotavirus A, the leading cause of pediatric diarrhea worldwide [56], was the most commonly identified microbe in this cohort. Rotavirus vaccination, known to be highly effective, is yet to be implemented in Uganda, but the need is clear [56]. In addition to rotavirus A, we detected Cryptosporidium, norovirus, Giardia, B. hominis and several enteroviruses in stool specimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of samples from pediatric febrile illness in Tororo, Uganda

et al. 2019

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Febrile illness is a major burden in African children, and non-malarial causes of fever are uncertain. In this retrospective exploratory study, we used metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to evaluate serum, nasopharyngeal, and stool specimens from 94 children (aged 2–54 months) with febrile illness admitted to Tororo District Hospital, Uganda. The most common microbes identified were Plasmodium falciparum (51.1% of samples) and parvovirus B19 (4.4%) from serum; human rhinoviruses A and C (40%), respiratory syncytial virus (10%), and human herpesvirus 5 (10%) from nasopharyngeal swabs; and rotavirus A (50% of those with diarrhea) from stool. We also report the near complete genome of a highly divergent orthobunyavirus, tentatively named Nyangole virus, identified from the serum of a child diagnosed with malaria and pneumonia, a Bwamba orthobunyavirus in the nasopharynx of a child with rash and sepsis, and the genomes of two novel human rhinovirus C species. In this retrospective exploratory study, mNGS identified multiple potential pathogens, including 3 new viral species, associated with fever in Ugandan children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of samples from pediatric febrile illness in Tororo, Uganda

et al. 2019

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“…Предполагается, что успешному иммунному ответу на живые вирусные вакцины у детей в странах с высокой детской смертностью препятствует совокупность различных факторов: наличие антител в материнском молоке, интерференция с живой полиомиелитной вакциной, отличия в составе микробиома кишечника, энтеропатия, недоедание. После массовой иммунизации в 40 странах южной части Африки число случаев госпитализации сократилось на 33 %, что существенно снизило смертность и расходы в госпитальном секторе [51,[64][65][66][67][68]. С 2018 г. на международном уровне доступны преквалифицированные ВОЗ вакцины Rotavac ™ (Индия) и Ro-taSiil ™ (Индия), эффективность и безопасность которых была подтверждена в Индии и странах Африки.…”

Section: схемы вакцинации и их эффективностьunclassified

Vaccine Safety and Efficacy in Preventing Rotavirus Infection

Шевцов¹,

Евреинова²,

Indikova³

et al. 2019

Biopreparaty. Profilaktika, diagnostika, lechenie

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The rotavirus infection causes acute gastroenteritis and is a major cause of lethal severe dehydrating diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age worldwide. Live attenuated rotavirus vaccines are the only means of preventing severe forms of the disease. The aim of the study was to analyse the twenty-year international experience of prophylactic immunisation against rotavirus infection. The paper summarises safety and efficacy data on the long-term use of Rotarix® (Belgium) and RotaTeq® (USA) for the prevention of rotavirus infection in the WHO European Region, the European Union and other countries. It addresses the development of correlates of immune protection for vaccines as well as evaluation of efficacy and safety of the new vaccines Rotavac® and Rotasiil® (India) in clinical trials. The authors analysed international experience of using the vaccines in countries that do not keep records of infant mortality from diarrhoea. The study summarises the results of clinical studies on the use of new vaccines prequalified by WHO in 2018 in regions with high rates of infant mortality from diarrhoea. It was demonstrated that vaccination not only reduces the rates of hospital admission of immunised children, but also contributes to the development of herd immunity. Rotarix® and RotaTeq® vaccines are authorised or included in the national immunisation schedules of many countries, but this type of vaccination is not mandatory in most of these countries. Vaccination coverage in the EU countries is about 24 %. Alternative vaccination schemes using live attenuated vaccines based on strains derived from newborn children, and parenteral rotavirus vaccines which do not replicate in the intestine may help reduce existing risks. It was concluded that the introduction of live rotavirus vaccines in immunisation schedules should be accompanied by the analysis of incidence of intussusception of the small intestine before and after the introduction of mass immunisation, and by active pharmacovigilance.

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“…Since 2006, two live oral rotavirus vaccines have been prequalified by the WHO and are commercially available worldwide. The vaccines are Rotarix™, a vaccine based on a single human G1P [8] virus, developed by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals (Rixensart, Belgium) and RotaTeq®, a pentavalent vaccine based on a combination of human/bovine reassortant viruses, developed by Merck & Co. (West Point, PA, USA). These vaccines are licensed in more than 100 countries, including both HICs and LMICs.…”

Section: Rotavirus Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rotavirus vaccines are highly impactful on child health wherever introduced, with significant reductions observed in diarrhoea-related hospitalizations and in diarrhoeal mortality after vaccine introduction [6,7]. However, despite the success of vaccination programmes, rotavirus is still responsible for a large fraction of the remaining diarrhoeal disease burden, even among vaccinated populations [8]. Reasons suggested for the non-ideal performance of current rotavirus vaccines include presence of maternal antibodies, poor nutrition, environmental enteropathy, alterations in the gut microbiota, micronutrient deficiency and exposure to other gut pathogens.…”

Section: Rotavirus Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%