Implementation of risk enhancers in ASCVD risk estimation and hypolipidemic treatment eligibility: A sex-specific analysis

Georgiopoulos, Georgios; Delialis, Dimitrios; Aivalioti, Evmorfia; Georgakis, Vasileios; Mavraganis, Georgios; Angelidakis, Lasthenis; Bampatsias, Dimitrios; Armeni, Eleni; Maneta, Eleni; Patras, Raphael; Dimopoulou, Angeliki-Maria; Oikonomou, Ermioni; Kanakakis, Ioannis; Lambrinoudaki, Ιrene; Lagiou, Areti; Xenos, Panos; Stamatelopoulos, Kimon

doi:10.1016/j.hjc.2023.02.006

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…These observations support the present-day emphasis on controlling cardiovascular risk factors and quitting cigarette smoking to prevent adult coronary artery disease. Additionally, the presence of ASCVD risk enhancers [ 44 ] and presence of at risk population [ 45 ] in our cohort could account for a higher proportion of ACS among young individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute coronary syndrome patterns in the Young: risk factor profile and in-hospital outcomes in a tertiary referral hospital in Kenya

Kassam,

Ngunga,

Varwani

et al. 2024

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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Introduction Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) accounts for coronary artery disease (CAD) –related morbidity and mortality. There has been growing concern about the rising incidence of ACS among young individuals globally both in developed and developing countries, including Sub-Saharan Africa. This group’s phenotypic characteristics; risk factors and clinical outcomes are not well described. contextual and regional studies are necessary to understand the magnitude of ACS among young Individuals and help highlight challenges and opportunities for improved ACS outcomes in the region. The study aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of young individuals hospitalized with ACS and report on in-hospital outcomes. Methodology This single-center retrospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. Medical records of all young individuals hospitalized with ACS from 30th June 2020 to 1st May 2023 were reviewed. We defined young individuals as 50 years or below. Categorical variables were reported as frequencies and proportions, and compared with Pearson chi- square or Fisher’s exact tests. Continuous variables were reported as means or medians and compared with independent t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. P- value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Among 506 patients hospitalized with ACS, (n = 138,27.2%) were aged 50 years and below. The study population was male (n = 107, 79.9%) and African(n = 82,61.2%) predominant with a median age of 46.5 years (IQR 41.0–50.0). Hypertension (n = 101,75.4%) was noted in most study participants. More than half of the cohort were smokers (n = 69,51.5%) having a family history of premature ASCVD(n = 70,52.2%) and were on lipid-lowering therapy(n = 68,50.7%) prior to presentation. ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was the most common clinical manifestation of ACS (n = 77, 57.5%). Of the significant coronary artery disease (n = 75,56.0%), the majority of the individuals had single vessel disease (n = 60, 80%) with a predilection of left anterior deciding artery(n = 47,62.6%). The Main cause of ACS was atherosclerosis (n = 41,54.6%). The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 46.0 (± 12.4). The in-hospital mortality was (n = 2, 1.5%). Conclusion This study highlights that young individuals contribute to a relatively large proportion of patients presenting with ACS at our center. The most common presentation was STEMI. The principal cause was atherosclerosis. The findings of this study highlight the importance of developing systems of care that enable the early detection of CAD. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were prevalent and modifiable, thus targets of intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute coronary syndrome patterns in the Young: risk factor profile and in-hospital outcomes in a tertiary referral hospital in Kenya

Kassam,

Ngunga,

Varwani

et al. 2024

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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“…This was in contrast to the previous 2019 European guidelines, as well as current UK-National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and US-American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines, that provided class I/strong recommendations to 20%, 26%, and 34% of individuals, respectively [ 13 , 14 ]. In a recent study among individuals without established CV disease, implementation of carotid ultrasonography and identification of carotid plaque considerably increased hypolipidemic treatment eligibility more evidently in women than men (from 11% to 71% for women and from 26% to 61% for men) [ 15 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Implementing Carotid Ultrasonography in Optimizing Primary Cardiovascular Prevention Strategy: Has the Time Come?

Kyriakoulis

Stathopoulou

Stergiou

2023

JCM

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a. European Research Centres

2024

Early Vascular Aging (EVA)

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Implementation of risk enhancers in ASCVD risk estimation and hypolipidemic treatment eligibility: A sex-specific analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Acute coronary syndrome patterns in the Young: risk factor profile and in-hospital outcomes in a tertiary referral hospital in Kenya

Acute coronary syndrome patterns in the Young: risk factor profile and in-hospital outcomes in a tertiary referral hospital in Kenya

Implementing Carotid Ultrasonography in Optimizing Primary Cardiovascular Prevention Strategy: Has the Time Come?

a. European Research Centres

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