Implementation of Human Schistosomiasis Control: Challenges and Prospects

Fenwick, Alan; Rollinson, David; Southgate, V. R.

doi:10.1016/s0065-308x(05)61013-5

Cited by 143 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Also, irrigation projects can be constructed to hinder breeding places and to limit human access for domestic activities; China is a good example where control of schistosomiasis is being maintained in spite of vast expansion of irrigation projects through installation of concrete irrigation canals and piping systems for the water supply in order to eliminate the infection sources and Oncomelania snails. In addition, mollusciciding and environmental modifi cation were carried out at an early stage (Fenwick et al, 2006). In conclusion, this survey is important because it can be considered as a baseline for further studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some epidemiological and serological studies on schistosomiasis in Najran area, Saudi Arabia

Elshahawy¹,

Mohamed

Adail

2016

Helminthologia

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SummarySchistosomiasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and has been estimated to infect over 200 million people. Diagnosis of schistosomiasis by detection of specifi c antibodies is likely to be more sensitive than the traditional method of diagnosis by detection of eggs in stool or urine. Therefore the present study was the fi rst attempt to highlight the seroepidemiology of schistosomiasis among the general population of Najran City, southern of Saudi Arabia, as well as to achieve the performance of the diagnostic tests used. A total of 180 participants attending King Khaled hospital in Najran Province, Saudi Arabia, over a one year period, from September 2013 to September 2014 were screened for the presence of Schistosoma antibody in their blood serum using an indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). Specifi c immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Out of the 180 samples of sera tested using IHA, 32 (20 %) were found to be positive with a titer ranging from 1:160 to 1:1280, while 42(23.2 %) revealed Schistosoma IgG. A positive relationship was found between the seroprevalence of schistosomiasis and age of tested participants, especially in the age group of 20-40 years old. Additionally, prevalence of infection was more in males (36 %) than females (7.5 %), and showed statistical significance (P < 0.001). Similarly, there was signifi cant association between the presence of Schistosoma antibodies and the nationality of residence, and education of participants (P < 0.05). The current investigation reveals an alarmingly high prevalence of schistosomiasis among participants in Najran, southern region of Saudi Arabia and this supports an urgent need to re-evaluate the current control measures and implement an integrated, targeted and effective schistosomiasis control measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some epidemiological and serological studies on schistosomiasis in Najran area, Saudi Arabia

Elshahawy¹,

Mohamed

Adail

2016

Helminthologia

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“…Schistosomiasis is one of the most significant NTDs (12,16). The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and progress made in the control of schistosomiasis have been reviewed recently (5,6,9,26). The three most important species parasitizing humans are Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma japonicum, and Schistosoma mansoni.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Synthetic Trioxolanes against Major Human Schistosome Species

Xiao

Keiser

Chollet

et al. 2007

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

168

138

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Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that remains of considerable public health significance in tropical and subtropical environments. Since the mainstay of schistosomiasis control is chemotherapy with a single drug, praziquantel, drug resistance is a concern. Here, we present new data on the antischistosomal properties of representative synthetic 1,2,4-trioxolanes (OZs). Exposure of adult Schistosoma mansoni for 24 h to a medium containing 20 g/ml OZ209 reduced worm motor activity, induced tegumental alterations, and killed worms within 72 h. While exposure of S. mansoni to OZ78 had no apparent effect, addition of hemin reduced worm motor activity and caused tegumental damage. Administration of single 200-mg/kg of body weight oral doses of OZ78, OZ209, and OZ288 to mice harboring a juvenile S. mansoni infection resulted in worm burden reductions of 82.0 to 95.4%. In the adult infection model in mice, single 400-mg/kg doses of these compounds resulted in a maximum total worm burden reduction of 52.2%. High worm burden reductions (71.7 to 86.5%) were observed after administration of single 200-mg/kg doses of OZ78 and OZ288 to hamsters infected with either juvenile or adult S. mansoni. A single 200-mg/kg dose of OZ78 to hamsters infected with adult Schistosoma japonicum resulted in total and female worm burden reductions of 94.2 to 100%. Our results, along with the low toxicity, metabolic stability, and good pharmacokinetic properties of the OZs, indicate the potential for the development of novel broad-spectrum antischistosomal OZ drug candidates.

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“…6 Historically there were many attempts to control schistosomiasis in Gezira State; the most famous and most recent is the Blue Nile Health Project (BNHP, 1979(BNHP, -1989. BNHP was supported by WHO, World Bank, USAID, Japan, Kuwait and government of Sudan, and their activities succeeded to reduce the prevalence of schistosomiasis from over 50% to 61% by 1989 7 in covered areas.…”

Section: Historical Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teachers-Centred Distribution of Praziquantel to Control Schistosomiasis in Gezira State, Sudan

Malik¹,

Abdalla²,

Babiker³

et al. 2016

Public Health Open J

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Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem in Gezira State, Sudan. The statewide prevalence survey among school children showed that the prevalence reached up to 82% in some districts and the reported mean intensity reached up to 223 eggs/gm of stool for S. mansoni and 28 eggs/10 ml of urine for S. haematobium. Based on this, a plan was established to control schistosomiasis. A teacher-centered distribution of praziquantel was organized in 22 districts targeting school pupils only. This short communication describes the intervention, the coverage and lessons learnt. With negligible cost and minimal efforts the target coverage of school pupils with praziquantel was reached by teachers in a demonstrable short time. In the successive two rounds the coverage exceeded 90% of the target school enrolled children. This approach can be extended to target all school and preschool children plus children not attending school in the state, as they represent a very important reservoir for schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminthes.

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Implementation of Human Schistosomiasis Control: Challenges and Prospects

Cited by 143 publications

References 116 publications

Some epidemiological and serological studies on schistosomiasis in Najran area, Saudi Arabia

Some epidemiological and serological studies on schistosomiasis in Najran area, Saudi Arabia

In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Synthetic Trioxolanes against Major Human Schistosome Species

Teachers-Centred Distribution of Praziquantel to Control Schistosomiasis in Gezira State, Sudan

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