Implementation of fast handover for proxy mobile IPv6: Resolving out-of-order packets

Abstract

Mobile IP allows for location-independent routing of IP datagrams on the Internet. Mobile IP specifies how a mobile node (MN) registers with its home agent and how the home agent routes datagrams to the MN through the tunnel. Current Mobile IP protocols have difficulties meeting the stringent handover delay requirements of future wireless networks. Fast handover for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (FPMIPv6) is used to resolve handover latency and packet loss problems that occur in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) protocol. However, while implementing the FPMIPv6 scheme in a testbed, we encounter the out-of-order packet (OoOP) problem. The cause of this problem is the existence of two paths for data transmitted from a correspondent node (CN) to an MN. Since the problem affects the quality of service (QoS) of the network and the performance of the MN, we propose a new scheme using the last packet marker and packet buffering to solve this problem in FPMIPv6. The new Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) can control and deliver the data transmitted via the old path or the new path to an MN in order, using the last packet marker to notify the end of the data delivery in the old path and the packet buffering for holding the data delivered in the new path. We implement both the proposed scheme and FPMIPv6 in a testbed as a real network environment to demonstrate the correctness, cost effectiveness, and performance of the proposed scheme. A performance evaluation reveals that the proposed scheme can handle the OoOP problem efficiently.

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“…However, it has been shown that packet reordering increases the delay and jitter [71]. Smart buffering and packet marking can be utilized to reorder packets that may go out of order during handover using FPMIPv6 to mark end of delivery for new and old paths [72].…”

Extended Proxy Mobile IPv6 Scheme Using Global Local Mobility Anchor

“…Additionally, the LMA provides packets directly to the nMAG. The nMAG sends a RA message in response to the RS message [2].…”

“…This IPv4 IP supplies separate IP addresses for each computer device. However, IPv4 addresses have run out [2]. IPv6 is the latest IPv4.…”

“…Web IPv6 is the most prevalent work on the road to full mobile Internet access. In addition, the IETF's uniform protocol for mobility control, PMIPv6 [2] has drawn significant interest. The legacy Mobile IPv6 is an upgrade to Proxy Mobile IPv6 which offers network-based mobility control for legacy users.…”

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“…frequently takes a little more complete much of a work conventional approaches, because the period saved by eliminating networking communication in the middle are Presently, the timing penalty form delayed implementation and excess migration are smaller than the time penalty form worse implementation and overhead migration. [6] .…”