“…Advancements in AR technology and their applications have been expected to revolutionise the manufacturing industry (Carmigniani & Furht, 2011) with some researchers referring to this activity as “industrial AR” (Fite‐Georgel, 2011; Quandt & Freitag, 2021) or “iAR” (Gattullo et al, 2020). However, broader operational deployment has been constrained (Quandt & Freitag, 2021; Väyrynen et al, 2018; Wang et al, 2021) and industry use of AR beyond the prototype stage is generally low (Zigart & Schlund, 2020) due to factors, such as equipment costs (e.g., AR hardware, software and information technology [IT] infrastructure; Brunner et al, 2020), skills shortages (e.g., carrying out the manual “authoring” of AR, requiring programming, modelling and animation competencies; Palmarini et al, 2018; Wang et al, 2021) and technological limitations of AR devices (e.g., processing speed, resolution of images and size/weight of device; Cheng et al, 2021), some of which can result in user discomfort and fatigue (Baroroh et al, 2021).…”