Implementation of a Hybrid Distributed/Centralized Real-Time Monitoring System for a DC/AC Microgrid With Energy Storage Capabilities

Garcı́a, Pablo; Arboleya, Pablo; Belaid, Mohamed; Cuadrado, Abel A.

doi:10.1109/tii.2016.2574999

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The SG concept aims to present a cost-effective, more secure and reliable system by combining IoT infrastructures. In order to integrate SG stages with IoT networks, a plenty number of researches have been conducted [22,26,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]. Several estimation algorithms, which can be employed to monitor intermittent energy sources, are investigated to present the microgrid model, including the IoT communication method in [22,71].…”

Section: Smart Energy Metering and Management Applications Based On Iotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internet of Things Applications as Energy Internet in Smart Grids and Smart Environments

et al. 2019

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Energy Internet (EI) has been recently introduced as a new concept, which aims to evolve smart grids by integrating several energy forms into an extremely flexible and effective grid. In this paper, we have comprehensively analyzed Internet of Things (IoT) applications enabled for smart grids and smart environments, such as smart cities, smart homes, smart metering, and energy management infrastructures to investigate the development of the EI based IoT applications. These applications are promising key areas of the EI concept, since the IoT is considered one of the most important driving factors of the EI. Moreover, we discussed the challenges, open issues, and future research opportunities for the EI concept based on IoT applications and addressed some important research areas.presented in [12]. As a general definition, an EI system is composed of the combination of three important components that are energy systems, network systems, and ICT systems. In addition, these subsystems are connected to each other over energy routers, which comprise the main section of EI infrastructure. The energy routers are able to manage data and energy flow between these systems. The energy router idea is firstly proposed in [13], where they have two significant targets. While one of these targets is to perform dynamic scheduling of energy flows, the other is to enable communication with power devices. Different proposals related to system designs are reported in [14][15][16][17]. The use of communication technologies in EI is quite crucial to accomplish the goals of this vision. Therefore, ICTs are intensely adapted for enabling monitoring, controlling, and management processes in the EI concept. The wired and wireless communication technologies, such as ZigBee, WiMAX, cognitive radio, cellular communications, and the software-defined network (SDN), which are managed via the network system, are applied in the EI system to carry out monitoring, controlling, and management transactions in real-time [10]. One of the most recent communication technologies is the Internet of Things (IoT) [18,19] that has provided the development of numerous different communication protocols. The IoT can be exploited to ensure communication between devices employing dissimilar data types. Moreover, in order to present a communication platform in both machine-to-machine (M2M) and human-to-machine (H2M) environments, IoT technologies utilize several communication mediums, protocols, and layer architectures.A number of studies researching EI are available in the literature, which is only focused on the architecture of energy routers, techniques for system integration, SDNs, and big data analysis in the EI. To the best of our knowledge, any study surveying IoT applications in smart grids and smart environments has not been presented so far. We intend to present a comprehensive analysis of IoT applications in smart grids, smart cities, smart homes, smart metering, and EMSs to provide a further understanding of the EI concept. It is expected that these appl...

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Section: Smart Energy Metering and Management Applications Based On Iotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internet of Things Applications as Energy Internet in Smart Grids and Smart Environments

et al. 2019

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“…For a VRB stack with N cell numbers of VRB monomers, its open circuit voltage can be described as: [21,22]. The DC/AC converter also adopts dual-loop decoupling control strategy with power outer loop and current inner loop [23]. The active power reference P ref is the difference between the output active power and the required active power of the grid, and the obtained error is fed to the PI regulator to generate the reference value of the d-axis current.…”

Section: Vrb Model and Simulation Of Grid Connected Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A generalized synthesis load model considering network parameters and all-vanadium redox flow battery

Zhou

Peng

Deng

et al. 2018

Prot Control Mod Power Syst

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The simulation precision of the classic load model (CLM) is affected by the increasing proportion of installed energy storage capacity in the grid. This paper studies the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) and proposes an equivalent model based on the measurement-based load modeling method, which can simulate the maximum output of the VRB energy storage system and fit the external characteristic of the system precisely in the occurrence of large disturbance and continuous small disturbance. The equivalent model is connected to CLM to form a generalized synthesis load model (GSLM), which considers the parameters of distribution network and reactive power compensation. Compared with CLM, GSLM has better structures and can describe the load characteristics of distribution network with energy storage system more precisely. Simulation results validate the effectiveness and good parameter stability of GSLM, and show that the higher the proportion of energy storage in the grid is the better description ability GSLM has.

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“…In this case the power unbalance is covered by the MUG through the HSC. The details about the communications among the different agents of the microgrid as well as the data processing and storage can be found in [11]. In the present work, the authors assumed 6 different nanogrids connected to the DCDS.…”

Section: Distribution Scheme and Proposed Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To investigate the scale effect, the scheme will be implemented and solved in a microgrid scheme with six different nanogrids. The power flow solver was validated in the LEMUR Lab microgrid containing two nanogrids [11]. In Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical coordination of a hybrid AC/DC smartgrid with central/distributed energy storage

Arboleya

Garcia

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)

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Abstract-This work describes a hybrid AC/DC Smart Grid distribution scheme installed at LEMUR microgrid laboratory. The control of the microgrid is carried out according to a hierarchical coordination considering the high level control. The configuration includes a microgrid (µG) connected to the main utility grid (MUG) by means of a solid state transformer (STT). The µG is formed by several nanogrids (nGs). All (nGs) are based on four wire configurations, as they are usually employed in AC distribution systems. However, the scheme is considered as a hybrid Smart Grid because the connection among different nanogrids and with the SST are DC connections. The SST is also equipped with a third port connected to a central energy storage system (CESS). The coordination between the different involved in the systems: the installed dispersed generators at nanogrid level, the nanogrids, the SST and the CESS has been implemented using a bottom-up hierarchical approach. Several configurations at nanogrid and microgrid levels are shown and analyzed. For making the coordination of the different elements of the microgrid, a fast power flow alorithm for estimating the state of the microgrid in real time was developed. In this paper the proposed structure is described paying special attention to the power flow algorithm. The results obtained with the power flow algorithm in simulations were validated at laboratory level.

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Implementation of a Hybrid Distributed/Centralized Real-Time Monitoring System for a DC/AC Microgrid With Energy Storage Capabilities

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Internet of Things Applications as Energy Internet in Smart Grids and Smart Environments

Internet of Things Applications as Energy Internet in Smart Grids and Smart Environments

A generalized synthesis load model considering network parameters and all-vanadium redox flow battery

Hierarchical coordination of a hybrid AC/DC smartgrid with central/distributed energy storage

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