Implementation of a Human Trafficking Screening Protocol

McDow, Jessica; Dols, Jean Dowling

doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.10.031

Cited by 8 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Second, health care providers involved in women’s care during pregnancy and after birth could identify women in need of service and link them to free home visiting services, which have been proved to improve the parent-child relationship and child health in vulnerable populations [ 77 ]. Research has pointed how prenatal care consultations can be an opportunity to identify victims of trafficking [ 82 ]. In addition, there may be benefits in identifying women who already exited sex trafficking but still suffer the consequences of it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, there may be benefits in identifying women who already exited sex trafficking but still suffer the consequences of it. A recent study developed and implemented a screening tool during prenatal care with five questions that facilitated the identification of current and past victimization without forcing women to reveal the details of their sexual exploitation [ 82 ]. More research is needed to evaluate a scale-up of these screenings and explore how survivors of sex trafficking respond to parenting program offers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How trauma related to sex trafficking challenges parenting: Insights from Mexican and Central American survivors in the US

Marti-Castaner¹,

Fowler²,

Landers³

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Sex trafficking, a form of human trafficking for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation, with a global prevalence of 4.5 million, has pervasive effects in the mental and physical health of survivors. However, little is known about the experiences and needs of Latinx migrants (the majority of sex trafficking victims in the US) after trafficking, particularly regarding parenting. This QUAL-quant study examines how 14 survivors of sex trafficking (mean age = 30) from Mexico and Central America encounter and respond to parenting experiences after escaping sexual exploitation. Combining a bio-ecological model of parenting with Zimmerman’s framework on human trafficking we identified how trauma related to sex trafficking can challenge parenting and how relational and contextual pre and post trafficking factors (dis)enable women to respond to such challenges. Psychological consequences of daily victimization primarily manifested in three ways: overprotective parenting in a world perceived to be unsafe, emotional withdraw when struggling with stress and mental health symptoms, and challenges building confidence as mothers. These experiences were accentuated by pre-trafficking experiences of neglect and abuse, forced separation from their older children, poverty post-trafficking, and migration-related stressors. Yet, finding meaning in the birth of their child, having social support, and faith, also enable mothers to cope with such challenges. We conclude that motherhood after surviving sex trafficking presents new challenges and opportunities in the path to recovery from trauma. Interventions at the policy, community and individual level are needed to support survivors of sex trafficking as they enter motherhood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How trauma related to sex trafficking challenges parenting: Insights from Mexican and Central American survivors in the US

Marti-Castaner¹,

Fowler²,

Landers³

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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“…The relationship between sex trafficking, its impact on victims' health and the role of healthcare professionals has been studied by different researchers over the years (Chisolm‐Straker et al, 2016; Gibbons & Stoklosa, 2016; Le et al, 2018; Lederer & Wetzel, 2014; McDow & Dols, 2021). Researchers have attempted to reveal both the perspectives of those directly involved in this type of violence and their perceptions of the care they receive from medical personnel (Baldwin et al, 2011; Bick et al, 2017; Westwood et al, 2016), as well as the experiences of both healthcare and other professionals with trafficking and the practical approach they take to address it (Beck et al, 2015; Gerassi & Pederson, 2021; Testa, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midwives' experiences and perceptions in treating victims of sex trafficking: A qualitative study

Ruiz‐González

Román

Benayas-Perez

et al. 2022

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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Aim To explore the experiences and perceptions of midwives in the treatment of sex trafficking victims. Design The study was qualitative with a hermeneutic‐phenomenological approach, using semi‐structured interviews and focus groups. Methods Two focus groups and six interviews were carried out on 14 midwives in primary care, delivery and emergency rooms. Data were collected in three hospitals in Spain in June 2021. ATLAS.ti 9 software was used to conduct a content analysis of the focus group and interview data. Results The results revealed two primary themes and six subthemes. The two primary themes were (i) sex trafficking: a camouflaged reality on the invisible spectrum, and (ii) a thirst for attention in the aftermath of violence. Representative quotations were used to illustrate both the main themes and the subthemes. Conclusions This study provides new insight into midwives' experiences treating sex trafficking victims. Professionals view this type of violence as a silent issue that negatively impacts victims' health and livelihood. However, a number of different factors stand in the way of correctly identifying and treating victims. Therefore, healthcare workers must be provided with practical tools and continuous professional development on this topic. Impact This study indicates the importance of the midwives' key role in identifying and assisting victims of sex. Not only do measures in the healthcare setting, such as on‐going specific‐related content training or up‐to‐date protocols, need to be implemented to ensure proper care for those affected by sexual exploitation, but also focusing on suspicious characteristics and reducing obstacles to patient communication will help bring the true situation to light and better respond to patients' priority needs.

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confidence: 99%

“…Early identification of human trafficking victims is critical because the average life expectancy of a patient who is either sexually exploited or forced into labor is seven years [6]. A validated screening tool and assessment guideline would reliably identify adult and minor victims of both sex and labor trafficking [1][2][3][4][5]7,[8][9][10][11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Screening for: Best Practice Guidelines and Recommendations for Health Care Providers

2022

Integr J Nurs Med

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Research has shown that human trafficking victims are not recognized by health care providers during their captivity [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Early identification of human trafficking victims is critical because the average life expectancy of a patient who is either sexually exploited or forced into labor is seven years [6]. A validated screening tool and assessment guideline would reliably identify adult and minor victims of both sex and labor trafficking [1][2][3][4][5]7,[8][9][10][11]. Background and Scope of the ProblemHuman trafficking is a federal and international crime and is commonly regarded as one of the most pressing human rights issues of our time. Adult and minor victims are trafficked by force (rape, beatings, confinement), fraud, and coercion (Department of Homeland Security) [12]. Children are particularly vulnerable to predators on the Internet via websites and social media and by mobile devices (United States Department of Justice, 2020) [13][14][15]. According to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, the number of suspected child-trafficking reports from 2010 to 2015 increased by 846 percent [16]. PrevalenceGlobally, sexual exploitation makes up 79 percent of all cases, and forced labor accounts for 18 percent (United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, 2020) [17]. Human trafficking affects every United States community, regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic background (National Human Trafficking Hotline, 2020) [18-23]. The average American age at the time trafficking began for

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Implementation of a Human Trafficking Screening Protocol

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

How trauma related to sex trafficking challenges parenting: Insights from Mexican and Central American survivors in the US

How trauma related to sex trafficking challenges parenting: Insights from Mexican and Central American survivors in the US

Midwives' experiences and perceptions in treating victims of sex trafficking: A qualitative study

Screening for: Best Practice Guidelines and Recommendations for Health Care Providers

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