Implementation of a graded-index medium by use of subwavelength structures with graded fill factor

Levy, Uriel; Nezhad, Maziar P.; Kim, Hyo-Chang; Tsai, Chien‐Hsiung; Pang, Lin; Fainman, Yeshaiahu

doi:10.1364/josaa.22.000724

Cited by 60 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…(35)] as well as the boundary condition at a small radius are satisfied by Eq. (26). Thus, the DEDT is exact for power-law graded spherical inclusions.…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…We have checked the exact solution [Eq. (26)] against the DEDT. We found that the differential equation [Eq.…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, there exist in Nature abundant graded materials, such as biological cells [24] and liquid crystal droplets [25]. Furthermore, many artificially-graded-index optical metamaterials and elements have been fabricated nowadays [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced nonlinear optical responses of materials: Composite effects

2006

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We review recent theoretical progress in understanding physical processes of composite effects on enhanced third-order nonlinear optical responses of various kinds of the recently-proposed nonlinear optical materials, namely, colloidal nanocrystals with inhomogeneous metallodielectric particles or a graded-index host, metallic films with inhomogeneous microstructures adjusted by ion doping or temperature gradient, composites with compositional gradation or graded particles, and magneto-controlled ferrofluidbased nonlinear optical materials.

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“…(35)] as well as the boundary condition at a small radius are satisfied by Eq. (26). Thus, the DEDT is exact for power-law graded spherical inclusions.…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…We have checked the exact solution [Eq. (26)] against the DEDT. We found that the differential equation [Eq.…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced nonlinear optical responses of materials: Composite effects

2006

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“…39 These features are useful for constructing polarization-selective beam splitters and general-purpose polarizationselective diffractive optical elements such as biréfringent computer-generated holograms. 36 Extending this concept to the 2D geometry or implementing aperiodicity enables other useful functionalities, such as converting a linear polarization state to radial or azimuthal polarization 39,40 and creating graded-index media. 40 ' 41 It was also shown that metamaterial approach can help to overcome fabrication difficulties and create a Fresnel lens analogue using binary lithographic fabrication with deep subwavelength feature sizes of less than 60 nm.…”

Section: Dielectric Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanophotonics for Information Systems

Luryi

Zaslavsky

2010

Future Trends in Microelectronics

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Optics has the potential to solve some of the most exing problems in computing hardware. It promises crosstalk-free interconnects with essentially unlimited bandwidth, long-distance data transmission without skew and without power-and time-consuming regeneration, miniaturization, parallelism, and efficient implementation of important algorithms such as Fourier transforms. Yet, optical computing and processing in space and time has so far failed to move out of the lab. The free-space and guided-wave devices are costly, bulky, and fragile in their alignment. They are also difficult to integrate with electronic systems, both in terms of the fabrication process and in terms of delivery and retrieval of the massive volumes of data the optical elements can process. Moreover, there exist applications that rely on our ability in interfacing optical devices and systems with other signal modalities such as for example biological and biochemical processes. These applications led us recently to establishing a new research area that we call optofluidics, where fluids are used to create adaptive optical elements, control them, and establish efficient interfaces with biochemical systems.Things may be changing, however. More recent work emphasizes the construction of optical subsystems directly on-chip, with the same lithographic tools as the surrounding electronics. This has been made possible by the advances in these tools, which can now create features significantly smaller than the optical wavelength; experts predict lithographic resolution as fine as 16 nm by year 2020. Arranged in a regular pattern, subwavelength features act as a metamaterial whose optical properties are controlled by the density and geometry of the pattern and its constituents. Lenses, polarizers, chromatic dispersers, diffraction gratings, and other optical processing devices can now be implemented on-chip using metamaterials wherever natural materials with similar properties either do not exist, or (more frequently) would not be compatible with lithographic fabrication.To advance this technology, investigations of nanostructures and their interaction with electromagnetic field are critical. Engineers also need appropriate modeling and design tools, new fabrication recipes, and test instruments capable of characterizing on-chip components. The design of integrated photonic systems is a challenging task as it not only involves the accurate solution of electromagnetic equations, but also the need to incorporate the material and quantum physics equations to enable the investigation and analysis of near field interactions. These studies need to be integrated with device fabrication and characterization to verify device concepts and optimize device designs. In this talk, we discuss some of the CMOS-compatible SOI metamaterials and devices recently demonstrated. These include graded-index lenses, birefringent elements that utilize a combination of geometry and material properties to separate light into orthogonal polarizations, frequency-selective resonators ...

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“…6 Furthermore, many artificially-graded-index optical metamaterials and elements have been fabricated nowadays. 7 Colloidal crystal has been extensively studied in nanomaterials engineering and its potential applications range from nanophotonics to chemistry and biomedicine. 8 It is desirable and of interest to use dielectric-coated metallic nanoparticles with varying shell thickness to form a dielectric constant gradient.…”

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confidence: 99%

Giant enhanced optical nonlinearity of colloidal nanocrystals with a graded-index host

Xiao

2006

Applied Physics Letters

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The effective linear and third-order nonlinear optical properties of metallic colloidal crystal immersed in a graded-index host fluid are investigated theoretically. The local electric fields are extracted self-consistently based on the layer-to-layer interactions, which are readily given by the Lekner summation method. The resultant optical absorption and nonlinearity enhancement show a series of sharp peaks, which merge in a broadened resonant band. The sharp peaks become a continuous band for increasing packing density and number of layers. We believe that the sharp peaks arise from the in-plane dipolar interactions and the surface plasmon resonance, whereas the continuous band is due to the presence of the gradient in the host refractive index. These results have not been observed in homogeneous and randomly-dispersed colloids, and thus would be of great interest in optical nanomaterial engineering.

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Implementation of a graded-index medium by use of subwavelength structures with graded fill factor

Cited by 60 publications

References 41 publications

Enhanced nonlinear optical responses of materials: Composite effects

Enhanced nonlinear optical responses of materials: Composite effects

Nanophotonics for Information Systems

Giant enhanced optical nonlinearity of colloidal nanocrystals with a graded-index host

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