Implementation Intentions and Goal Achievement: A Meta‐analysis of Effects and Processes

Gollwitzer, Peter M.; Sheeran, Paschal

doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(06)38002-1

Cited by 2,442 publications

(2,550 citation statements)

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“…Webb & Sheeran, 2007). These processes (enhanced cue detection, automatization of responding), in turn, improve the translation of intentions into action, as meta-analyses have shown (Bélanger-Gravel, Godin, & Amireault, 2013;Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006). Implementation intentions have also been found to significantly increase blood donation in a sample of novice donors (Godin et al, 2010) and so implementation intentions afford a valuable condition against which to calibrate the impact of the QBE interventions tested here.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Implementation intentions Question -Behavior Effect Interventions 8 (Gollwitzer, 1999;Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) are if-then plans that spell out when, where, and how the people will act on their intentions. Specifying how one will respond to opportunities for, and threats to, intention realization in an if-then format leads to enhanced cue detection and means that the person acts swiftly and effortlessly when the cues are encountered (e.g., (T. L. Webb & Sheeran, 2004; T.L.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Promoting the return of lapsed blood donors: A seven-arm randomized controlled trial of the question–behavior effect.

Godin¹,

Germain²,

Conner³

et al. 2014

Health Psychology

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Objective: The aim of this study was to test key variations in the question-behavior effect against a control condition or an implementation intention condition on returning to give blood among lapsed donors (individuals who had not given blood in past two years).Design: At baseline, 7000 lapsed donors were randomized to one of six experimental or to a control condition. Participants in the experimental conditions were asked to complete a 6-item postal questionnaire assessing: intentions-only, interrogative intention, moral norm plus intention, anticipated regret plus intention, positive self-image plus intention, or implementation intentions. Objective measures of behavior were obtained 6 and 15 months later.Main Outcome Measure: The frequency of registrations to give blood over the next 6 and 15 months.Results: Intention-to-treat analysis of the frequency of registrations (GENMOD procedure, Poisson distribution) indicated main effects for condition (experimental versus control) at both 6 months,  2 (1) = 4.64, p < .05, and 15 months,  2 (1) = 5.88, p < .05. Positive self-image and implementation intention interventions outperformed the control condition at 6 months. At 15 months, standard intention, interrogative intention, and regret plus intention conditions each showed more frequent registrations compared to controls and were just as effective as implementation intention formation. Moderation analysis showed the moral norm and positive self-image conditions were significant for first-time (one previous donation) but not repeat (two or more previous donations) donors.Conclusions: The question-behavior effect can be used to reinvigorate blood donation among lapsed donors, and can be as effective as forming implementation intentions. extends previous work on the QBE in three key ways. First, we examine whether the impact of measuring intentions on subsequent behavior can be augmented by using the interrogative form or by measuring constructs in addition to intentions. Second, we compare the QBE not only to a standard nocontact control condition, but also in relation to an established behavior change intervention (i.e., implementation intentions; see (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) for a review). Third, we investigate the moderating effects of whether a questionnaire was returned or not and participants' age, sex, and donor status (first-time vs. repeat). The research focuses on a behavior of considerable importance for public health and on a sample of particular significance in this domain, namely, returning to give blood among lapsed blood donors. Augmenting the Question-Behavior EffectSeveral studies have tested the QBE in relation to blood donation, with mixed results. In the first study in this area, Godin et al. (2008) observed significantly more frequent attempts to give blood at both 6-and 12-month follow-ups among repeat blood donors who were asked to complete a Question -Behavior Effect Interventions 4 questionnaire based on an extended version of the theory of planned behavior (TPB; (Ajzen, 19...

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Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting the return of lapsed blood donors: A seven-arm randomized controlled trial of the question–behavior effect.

Godin¹,

Germain²,

Conner³

et al. 2014

Health Psychology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Rather, efforts need to be made to overcome sedentary habits when attempting to translate counter-habitual intentions into behavior. The HAPA model proposes that a key process for bridging the intention-behavior gap involves developing detailed plans for implementing those intentions [15]. Figure 1 depicts the HAPA + habit dual-process framework that informed intervention content.…”

Section: Applying a Dual-process Model To Intervene On Older Adults'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an intervention to reduce older adults’ sedentary behavior

Maher

Sliwinski

Conroy

2016

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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Older adults represent the segment of the population that sits the most. This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, safety, and preliminary efficacy of an intervention to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) in older adults that can be disseminated broadly for limited cost and delivered by paraprofessionals with limited training. Senior centers in Central Pennsylvania were randomized to receive one of two healthy aging programs (i.e., intervention or comparison). Participants in both groups attended three 90-min meetings over 2 weeks. Behavior change content was delivered at the second session (i.e., day 7). Forty-two participants (n intervention = 25, n comparison = 17) were recruited from five senior centers. Content for the intervention group focused on reducing SB while comparison group content focused on reducing social isolation. Self-reported SB was assessed on days 7 and 14. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant group × time interaction for total and weekday, but not weekend, SB. In the week following the delivery of group content, participants in the intervention group reported an average decrease in total SB of 837.8 min/week; however, the comparison group reported a nonsignificant average decrease of 263.0 min/week of total SB. Participants in the intervention group also reported an average decrease in weekday SB of 132.6 min/weekday (d = −0.83) in the week following the delivery of group content; however, the comparison group reported a nonsignificant decrease of 24.0 min/weekday (d = −0.16). There were no significant changes in weekend SB in either group in the week following the delivery of group content. Participants' attendance, measurement completion, and program ratings were high. Safety issues were minimal. This intervention was feasible to implement and evaluate, acceptable to older adults, and showed promise for reducing older adults' SB.

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“…Work in the laboratory shows that implementation intentions work by making critical situations for action salient and by automatizing a linked behavioral response (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006). In contrast with techniques found in cognitive behavioral therapy such as goal-setting (which generally focus on helping a client achieve a goal using self-reward), implementation intentions are often self-directed and are focused on identifying responses that will lead to goal attainment and on anticipating suitable occasions to act.…”

Section: Randomized Test Of a Brief Intervention To Reduce Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

How useful are the stages of change for targeting interventions? Randomized test of a brief intervention to reduce smoking.

Armitage

Arden

2008

Health Psychology

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Implementation Intentions and Goal Achievement: A Meta‐analysis of Effects and Processes

Cited by 2,442 publications

References 93 publications

Promoting the return of lapsed blood donors: A seven-arm randomized controlled trial of the question–behavior effect.

Promoting the return of lapsed blood donors: A seven-arm randomized controlled trial of the question–behavior effect.

Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an intervention to reduce older adults’ sedentary behavior

How useful are the stages of change for targeting interventions? Randomized test of a brief intervention to reduce smoking.

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