“…Typical RSVP implementations are user-space daemons interacting with the kernel; thus, state management, message sending, and reception would affect the efficiency of the protocol processing. For example, in the recent version of the implementation described in [KSS01], the relative execution costs for the message sending/reception system calls "sendto", "select", and "recvmsg" were 14-16%, 6-7%, 9-10%, individually, of the total execution cost.…”