Implementation and characterization of coating pure titanium dental implant with sintered β-TCP by using Nd:YAG laser

Abstract

ObjectivesThis work presents laser coating of grade 1 pure titanium (Ti) dental implant surface with sintered biological apatite beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), which has a chemical composition close to bone.Materials and methodsPulsed Nd:YAG laser of single pulse capability up to 70 J/10 ms and pulse peak power of 8 kW was used to implement the task. Laser pulse peak power, pulse duration, repetition rate and scanning speed were modulated to achieve the most homogenous, cohesive and highly adherent coat layer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray microscopy (EDX), optical microscopy and nanoindentation analyses were conducted to characterise and evaluate the microstructure, phases, modulus of elasticity of the coating layer and calcium-to-phosphate ratio and composition.Results showed that the laser power and scanning speed influenced coating adherence. The cross-sectional field-emission scanning electron microscopy images at low power and high speed showed poor adherence and improved as the laser power increased to 2 kW. Decreasing the scanning speed to 0.2 mm/s at the same power of 2 kW increased adherence. EDX results of the substrate demonstrated that the chemical composition of the coat layer did not change after processing. Moreover, the maps revealed proper distribution of Ca and P with some agglomeration on the surface. The sharp peaks on the X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that β-TCPs in the coat layer were mostly crystalline. The elastic modulus was low at the surface and increased gradually with depth to reach 19 GPa at 200 nm; this value was close to that of bone. The microhardness of the coated substrate increased by about 88%. The laser pulse energy of 8.3 J, pulse peak power of 2 kW, pulse duration of 4.3 min, repetition rate of 10 Hz and scanning speed of 0.2 ms−1 yielded the best results.ConclusionBoth processing and coating have potential use for dental implant applications.

Laser Surface Structuring of Commercial Pure Titanium

“…Laser structuring of the titanium not cause any changes in the phases of the Ti as seen in the XRD pattern which is an important thing when dealing with the Ti. But the intensity in this study seen some changes in the intensity of the Ti peak after laser structuring this was due to the strain that induced on the titanium surface after processing our result is confirmed with the results of Safi et al 2019 and Choi et al (21,22)…”

“…XRD pattern of the control only showed the peaks of titanium. While the XRD pattern of the disk sample that treated with the laser for the two designs at the 3 tested laser scans show the present of the TiO 2 beside the Ti this due to the titanium air interaction during the surface structuring 21 ,also results show that at the laser scans 25 seen two peak of TiO 2 for the two design while the laser scans 5 and 15 seen just one peak of TiO 2 with more intensity at 15 laser scans than at 5 laser scans this is due to the increasing in the chance of oxide interaction with the titanium with the increasing in the numbers of laser scans. Laser structuring of the titanium not cause any changes in the phases of the Ti as seen in the XRD pattern which is an important thing when dealing with the Ti.…”

Preparing polycaprolactone scaffolds using electrospinning technique for construction of artificial periodontal ligament tissue

“…The 3D artificial construct (cylindrical scaffold and seeded cells) has potential clinical applications in the covering of dental implants and production of biohybrid implants. Further vivo studies could aim to cover dental implants (titanium or zirconia) with sintered β-TCP 40 , 41 in order to simulate natural periodontal tissues.…”

<p>Chitosan Coating of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Improved Metformin Release and Osteoblast Differentiation</p>

“…The bioactivity of unmodified Ti surfaces is not sufficient to provide immediate osseointegration, which is essential for ensuring initial stability and long-term durability of implants. 3 Since the surface properties of an implant can impact its biological response, various surface modification strategies have been employed on Ti surfaces including 4 plasma spraying, 5 Nd-YAG laser cladding, 6 micro-arc oxidation, 7 and the deposition of surface oxide layers. 8 Previous studies have shown that porous structures on implant surfaces can enhance implant-tissue integration by providing a surface topography with more defined, reproducible and reliable roughness.…”