Implanted Adult Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Induce Endogenous Axon Guidance

Arthur, Agnieszka; Shi, Songtao; Zannettino, Andrew C.W.; Fujii, Nobutaka; Gronthos, Stan; Koblar, Simon

doi:10.1002/stem.138

Cited by 155 publications

(128 citation statements)

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“…The most accessible mesenchymal cells collectively termed dental stem cells (DSCs) include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) [20], stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth [21,22], stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) [22], periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPSc) [24][25][26][27]. Implanted adult human dental pulp stem cells induce endogenous axon guidance [28]. Bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs) have been described as colony-forming unit-fibroblasts (CFU-Fs).…”

Section: Regeneration and Repair Of Pulp And/or Dental Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following transplantation, DPSCs are clonogenic cells, capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. DPSCs are able to regenerate a dentin-pulp-like complex composed of mineralized matrix, with tubules lined by odontoblasts and an arrangement similar to the dentin-pulp complex found in normal teeth [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Pulp cells express bone markers such as bone sialoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen and osteocalcin.…”

Section: Immature Dental Pulp Stem Cells (Idpsc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tissue contains progenitor cells forming the periodontium (cementum, PDL and alveolar bone). Clonogenic colonies are released from the tissue following enzymatic digestion [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. In vitro, markers such as Notch-1 and nestin are expressed.…”

Section: Dental Follicle Precursor Cells (Dfpcs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stem Cells: Tools for Dental Tissues Regeneration

Goldberg

2017

JDHODT

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Section: Regeneration and Repair Of Pulp And/or Dental Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immature Dental Pulp Stem Cells (Idpsc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stem Cells: Tools for Dental Tissues Regeneration

Goldberg

2017

JDHODT

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“…Commercial conduits that are effective in inducing axon regeneration across nerve gaps are composed of type I collagen, Integra NeuraGen (NG) nerve guides, and processed rat allografts, which have similar efficacy to AxoGen's Avance human decellularized allograft [134,330]. For 14-mm sciatic nerve gaps, the efficacy of isografts is superior to processed allograft, which is more effective than the NeuraGen grafts.…”

Section: Commercial Nerve Gap Conduitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting Axon Regeneration and Neurological Recovery Following Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Kuffler¹

2015

Int J Neurorehabilitation Eng

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Repairing Peripheral Nerves following Traumas Nerve crushWithin several days of crushing a peripheral nerve, the injured axons begin to regenerate through their distal pathway until they reach their original targets with which they restore neurological function. The larger the number of axons that regenerate through the distal nerve, the greater the extent of neurological recovery [1][2][3]. The number of axons that regenerate, and thus neurological recovery, is influenced by the physiological state of the distal denervated nerve pathway [4][5][6][7].Following a peripheral nerve crush, the injured axons begin to regenerate within 2 days of injury [8]. They may regenerate to their targets through their original pathway in association with and promoted by its Schwann cells, the neurotrophic factors they release, and the Schwann cell extracellular matrix [1,4,[9][10][11][12][13][14]. Thus, the distal nerve provides a simple means for promoting and directing the regenerating axons to their original targets [15][16][17][18]. However, when a nerve has a gap, the gap must be bridged with a material that is permissive to and promotes axon regeneration across the entire gap to reach the distal nerve stump, through which the axons must then be able to regenerate.The Schwann cells in the denervated distal nerve release neurotrophic factors that promote axon regeneration, but also release extracellular matrix components that promote and inhibit axon regeneration [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Thus, regeneration through the distal nerve is a balance of the influences of factors that both promote and inhibit regeneration. If the Schwann cells are present, such as after a simple nerve crush, virtually 100% of the axons regenerate and they innervate all the denervated synaptic sites. If the Schwann cells within the distal nerve pathway are killed, leaving only the extracellular matrix intact, the number of axons that regenerates to their targets decreases by 94%. This is because the factors required to trigger the regenerating axons to branch at extracellular matrix branch points are missing, axons do not branch, and therefore each axon reinnervates only a single denervated muscle fiber. Thus, Schwann cells along the distal nerve pathway and a AbstractFollowing a peripheral nerve crush, or when a peripheral the nerve is transected and the nerve stumps anastomosed, neurological recovery is generally excellent. This is because the axons merely have to regenerate through the distal portion of the nerve through the existing extracellular matrix of the denervated Schwann cells that direct and promote them to their distant denervated motor and sensory targets. However, when a length of a peripheral nerve is destroyed, and anastomosis is not possible, the standard surgical repair technique is to graft a length/s of autologous sensory nerve into the gap. Neurological recovery is generally good if the nerve gap is <2 cm in length, the repair is performed <4 months post trauma, and the patients are <25 years of age. Because the nerve ...

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“…In this xenotransplantation, it was observed that avian trigeminal ganglion axons were guided toward implanted DPSCs via chemo-attraction between CXCL12, a stromal cell derived factor-1 that is secreted by implanted DPSCs, and its receptor CXCR4. 56 It is also well known that cultured DPSCs produce several neurotrophic factors, such as NGF and BDNF. These neurotrophic factors also serve to promote the survival of injured neurons.…”

Section: Neural Differentiation Of Dental Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%