“…In particular, the surface modification of conventional Ti-6Al-4V alloy by ion implantation with N + enables improving its tribological [11], corrosion properties [12], creep rupture strength at 600С [13]. As is known that ionized atoms or molecules of an alloying substance in the surface layer form a complex dislocation substructure, and ions introduced in the crystalline lattice of a metal base form solid solutions or new chemical compounds [9,10]. Unlike coarse-grained (CG) materials, nucleation and accumulation of new dislocations are constrained in ultrafine grains with a high dislocation density [14].…”