Implantation of caries-inducing streptococci in the human oral cavity

Krasse, Bo; Edwardsson, S.; Svensson, I.; Trell, L

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(67)90042-8

Cited by 142 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The later observation suggests that intraoral or interdental transmission of S. mutans does not occur easily or is slow as has been reported by Gibbons et al [16]. Some investigators also revealed that artificial implantation of S. mutans into the human mouth was frequently difficult [26,30]. In a separate experiment, the cariogenic potential of clinically isolated strains MT6 (serotype c) , MT116 (c), MT168 (c) , MT615 (d) and MT703 (e) was demonstrated in conventional Sprague-Dawley rats fed high sucrose diet # 2000 (unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Epidemiological Survey of Streptococcus mutans among Japanese Children

Hamada

Masuda

Ooshima

et al. 1976

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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An epidemiological investigation was carried out to identify and determine the serotypes of Streptococcus mutans from carious lesions of young Japanese children. For this purpose, a direct fluorescent antibody technique was mainly used. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antibodies were prepared for the five known serotypes of S. mutans. Cross reactions and nonspecific reactions were eliminated by adsorption, counterstaining, or DEAE-cellulose column chromatography.Agar-gel immunodiffusion was used to distinguish between serotypes a and d. The epidemiological survey suggested that serotype c strains were most prevalent in dental plaques of Japanese children. The d and e serotypes were rare and serotypes a and b were not detected. It was also noted that more than one serotype of S. mutans could be found in the same locus of a carious lesion and that there might be no relationship between the degree of caries and the causative serotype(s) of S. mutans.Elegant studies with gnotobiotic rats have demonstrated that specific bacteria are necessary for the induction of experimental dental caries [13,18,36]. Most streptococci with a caries-inducing potential have been found to resemble Streptococcus mutans which Clarke [5] originally reported [4,11,20]. Dental caries can also be induced by Actinomyces viscosus and some species of lactobacilli and streptococci other than S. mutans, but these bacteria produced caries, especially on smooth surfaces, less regularly and less severely than S. mutans. The disease has been recognized to be infectious and transmissible although it is multifactorial in nature [29].S. mutans was found indigenously in the human mouth in distinctly separated areas of the world [3] and was detected more frequently in the plaque of carious lesions than in that of healthy teeth [8,12,32,41]. Most strains of S. mutans are antigenically different from any of the known Lancefield groups of streptococci [20]. Bratthall [1,2] reported that strains of S. mutans could be separated into five serotypes based on specific antigens detected by serological analysis. His serological types closely paralleled the genetic types reported by Coykendall [6] on the basis of DNA-DNA hybridization studies. Furthermore, the differences among strains of S. mutans in the electrofocusing patterns of cell membrane proteins were correlated with those found by serological and genetic studies [23]. A recent study by Perch et al [38] established the presence of two new serotypes of S. mutans in addition to the five serotypes reported by Bratthall [1].

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Epidemiological Survey of Streptococcus mutans among Japanese Children

Hamada

Masuda

Ooshima

et al. 1976

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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“…The synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides from sucrose by these enzymes however, is believed to be involved in the adherence of Strep, mutans to teeth. In addition, sucrose, but not glucose, has been found to facilitate oral colonization by Strep, mutans [Krasse, 1965;Krasse et al, 1967]. Since it has recently been found that the ability of bacteria to adhere to oral surfaces influences the extent to which they can colonize, [van houte et al, 1970; G ibbons, 1970; G ibbons and van H oute, 1971; van H oute et al, 1971], it would appear that the 'essential' func tion of the transferases in the ecology of Strep, mutans is related to the ad herence of this organism to teeth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of an Invertase-Like Enzyme and a Sucrose Permeation System in Strains of Streptococcus mutans

Rj¹

1972

Caries Res

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Enzyme preparations obtained from sonically-treated washed cells of Streptococcus mutans strain GS5 were found to contain ‘sucrase’ activity which was distinct from that of the glucosyl and fructosyl transferases known to be elaborated by this organism. This ‘sucrase’ activity was formed constitutively and could be separated from transferase activity by agarose chromatography. The enzyme appears similar, if not identical, to invertase on the basis of its catalytic action, its molecular size, and its heat sensitivity. Its presence in cells of Strep, mutans strain GS5 indicates that this organism is not solely dependent upon the glucosyl and fructosyl transferases for the utilization of sucrose for growth. The total observable ‘sucrase’ activity of glucose grown cells of Strep, mutans strains GS5 and 6715 was found to increase markedly when the organisms were treated with toluene, indicating they were relatively impermeable to sucrose. Untreated sucrose grown cells exhibited 10-fold higher total ‘sucrase’ activity than did untreated glucose grown cells, suggesting that growth in sucrose broth resulted in the induction of a sucrose transport system.

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“…Factors promoting proliferation of mutans streptococci include sucrose-induced polysaccharide pro duction [de Stoppelaar et al, 1970;Krasse et al, 1967;Ki lian and Rolla. 1976], pH drops caused by these organisms [Bowden and Hamilton, 1987;McDermid et al, 1986], and bacteriocinogeny [van dcr Hoeven and Rogers, 1979], Due to the ecological pressure induced by these factors, mutans streptococci will eventually overcome the colonization re sistance of the established microflora and regrow to their original levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chlorhexidine Varnish on Streptococci in Dental Plaque from Occlusal Fissures

Schaeken

Hoeven²,

Kieboom³

1994

Caries Res

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The treatment of tooth surfaces with chlorhexidine varnish may lead to long-lasting suppression of mutans streptococci in dental plaque. Microbiological observations following varnish treatment suggest that this prolonged suppression might be caused by bacterial interference. To investigate whether physiologically related organisms, such as other Streptococcus species, compete with mutans streptococci in the ecosystem, we have analyzed streptococcal populations on the tooth surface before and after chlorhexidine varnish treatment. Occlusal surfaces with high numbers of mutans streptococci were selected in human volunteers and treated with chlorhexidine varnish. Analyses of sequentially collected plaque samples confirmed that S. oralis-group streptococci returned to baseline levels shortly after the chlorhexidine application, while Actinomyces naeslundii populations reached prestudy or even higher levels only several days after treatment. Mutans streptococci, however, were below the detection level in the 14-day samples, except in 1 individual. The pattern of recolonization by individual Streptococcus species after chlorhexidine application closely resembled that of cleaned enamel surfaces: S. oralis and S. sanguis were primary colonizers while S. gordonii became dominant at a later stage. It is concluded that after intensive chlorhexidine treatment, a normal oral microflora reestablished, characterized by low proportions of mutans streptococci.

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Implantation of caries-inducing streptococci in the human oral cavity

Cited by 142 publications

References 7 publications

Epidemiological Survey of Streptococcus mutans among Japanese Children

Epidemiological Survey of Streptococcus mutans among Japanese Children

Presence of an Invertase-Like Enzyme and a Sucrose Permeation System in Strains of Streptococcus mutans

Effect of Chlorhexidine Varnish on Streptococci in Dental Plaque from Occlusal Fissures

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