Implantable Optrode Array for Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording

Abstract

During the last decade, optogenetics has become an essential tool for neuroscience research due to its unrivaled feature of cell-type-specific neuromodulation. There have been several technological advances in light delivery devices. Among them, the combination of optogenetics and electrophysiology provides an opportunity for facilitating optogenetic approaches. In this study, a novel design of an optrode array was proposed for realizing optical modulation and electrophysiological recording. A 4 × 4 optrode array and five-channel recording electrodes were assembled as a disposable part, while a reusable part comprised an LED (light-emitting diode) source and a power line. After the characterization of the intensity of the light delivered at the fiber tips, in vivo animal experiment was performed with transgenic mice expressing channelrhodopsin, showing the effectiveness of optical activation and neural recording.

Bridging model and experiment in systems neuroscience with Cleo: the Closed-Loop, Electrophysiology, and Optophysiology simulation testbed

“…Specifically, stimulation technologies have been much more limited in their degrees of freedom than modern recording technology [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16], and thus unlikely to sufficiently control many variables of interest. For this reason, the development of multi-channel micro-LED/optrode devices [128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 56, 136, 137, 8] and holographic optogenetic stimulation [138, 139, 140, 37, 3] are of particular interest. Crucially, Cleo will enable rigorous investigation of both proposed specific technologies as well as general technological capabilities to guide new interface design.…”

Optic-Fiber-Based Optogenetic Stimulator With μLED and 3D-Printed Structures for Brain Stimulation

“…In these systems, an LED is typically integrated on a printed circuit board (PCB) [29], [30] or microfabricated flexible substrate made of polyimide [21], [22], [28] or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) [24], which are well-known materials for implantable devices due to its bio-compatible and reliable mechanical properties [31]- [33]. Unlike others, a siliconbased mount is also used to hold and fix the fiber on the µLED [22], [28], [34]. However, most main parts of these devices are made using microfabrication with clean-room facilities, requiring multiple complex fabrication processes which need extensive training.…”

Electrodeposited NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ up-conversion films for flexible neural device construction and near-infrared optogenetics

“…In addition, traditional microelectrode probes are usually based on rigid materials, such as silicon and metal, resulting in a significant mechanical mismatch between rigid probes and soft brain tissues. [15][16][17][18] The mechanical mismatch between the probes and tissues has been shown to induce chronic inflammatory responses, resulting in glial scar formation and signal degradation over the long term. [19][20][21][22] Thus, it is highly desirable to develop flexible devices that can enable simultaneous optogenetic stimulation and electrophysiological recording in a minimally invasive manner.…”