Implantable biomedical materials for treatment of bone infection

Abstract

The treatment of bone infections has always been difficult. The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria has led to a steady decline in the effectiveness of antibiotics. It is also especially important to fight bacterial infections while repairing bone defects and cleaning up dead bacteria to prevent biofilm formation. The development of biomedical materials has provided us with a research direction to address this issue. We aimed to review the current literature, and have summarized multifunctional antimicrobial materials that have long-lasting antimicrobial capabilities that promote angiogenesis, bone production, or “killing and releasing.” This review provides a comprehensive summary of the use of biomedical materials in the treatment of bone infections and a reference thereof, as well as encouragement to perform further research in this field.

Synthesis and evaluation of nanosystem containing chondroitinase ABCI based on hydroxyapatite

“…The hydroxyapatite nanoparticles used in this study, with a diameter of 25 nm, can cross the blood barrier of the spinal cord and can be maintained for a long time, after injection, with a stable drug release. The loading of chABCI on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles does not require hard processing, and hydroxyapatite is a biocompatible material with the ability to guide bone growth, minimally stimulating the immune system, and minimally swelling, and it has been used in the treatment of bone infections before (Shuaishuai et al 2023 ). Previous studies showed that the extraction and purification of the enzyme from Proteus vulgaris bacteria are done as an important source of the chABCI.…”

A new MOF@bioactive glass composite reinforced with silver nanoparticles – a new approach to designing antibacterial biomaterials

“…4 Traditional treatment strategies for infected bone defects include thoroughly clearing the wound, implanting antibioticimpregnated cement spacers, and administering antibiotics. 5 However, the efficacy of systemic antibiotic administration is significantly undermined by the infection-induced disruption of the local blood supply and the resulting onset of osteonecrosis. This severely limits the effective concentration of antibiotics at the site of infection.…”

“…In addition, the prolonged and widespread use of antibiotics has led to the gradual evolution of bacterial resistance and the emergence of highly resistant strains of bacteria. 5 Therefore, alternative materials with antibacterial properties are being investigated. Among them, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are becoming increasingly prominent in this aspect.…”

Enhancing Bone Grafting Outcomes: A Comprehensive Review of Antibacterial Artificial Composite Bone Scaffolds

“…Among these, bone grafting is the most important clinical treatment of infectious bone defects. Because the operation is simple, there are few postoperative complications and good fracture healing, and bone grafting can be used to treat infectious bone defects with segmental and large bone defects [ 16 ]. In addition, when the transplant material fills the bone defect, it can control the infection through an efficient bacteriostatic strategy, induce the formation of fibrous membranes, provide good blood transport, and form a relatively independent and stable space at the bone defect, which is conducive to secondary bone reconstruction and bone healing, and effectively improves the osteogenesis of cancellous bone [ 17 , 18 ].…”