Implant surface modifications as a prevention method for periprosthetic joint infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Abstract. Background: Periprosthetic joint infection is the most common infection due to joint replacement. It has been reported that, over a 5-year time span, 3.7 % of cases occurred annually. This statistic has increased to 6.86 % over 16 years. Thus, an effective method is required to reduce these complications. Several strategies such as coating methods with various materials, such as antibiotics, silver, and iodine, have been reported. However, the best preventive strategy is still undetermined. Therefore, this systematic review aims to evaluate the outcome of coating methods on joint arthroplasty as a treatment or preventive management for infection complications. Methods: Eligible articles were systematically searched from multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane library, and ScienceDirect) up to 2 June 2022. Based on the criterion inclusion, eight articles were selected for this study. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the study, and the meta-analysis test was conducted with Review Manager 5.4. Results: The quality of the articles in this study is in the range of moderate to good. It was found that the application of modified antibiotic coatings significantly reduced the occurrence of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) (p 0.03), and silver coating could not significantly (p 0.47) prevent the occurrence of PJI. However, according to the whole aspect of coating modification, the use of antibiotics, silver, and iodine can minimize the occurrence of PJI (p <0.0001). Conclusion: Coating methods using antibiotics are an effective method that could significantly prevent the occurrence of PJI. On the other hand, coating with non-antibiotic materials such as silver could not significantly prevent the incidence of PJI.

Fight against Periprosthetic Joint Infection

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According to an intriguing article published in the Journal of Infection and Public Health, Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) raises grave social, economic, and clinical concerns in public health that require a complete and accurate approach to improve focus on proven disease prevention and treatment strategies.Defined by an infection of the prosthetic joint, (PJI) is a post-arthroplasty complication (1) . The world's occurrence ranged from 1-2% of hip and knee arthroplasty, which means hundreds of thousands of cases per year, maybe even more.

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“…Defined by an infection of the prosthetic joint, (PJI) is a post-arthroplasty complication (1) . The world's occurrence ranged from 1-2% of hip and knee arthroplasty, which means hundreds of thousands of cases per year, maybe even more.…”

“…Other bacteria, such as the Staphylococcus epidermidis group, Enterococcus sp., and Gram-negative bacilli, also contribute to smaller incidences. These bacteria produce PJI through generating a protective biofilm as an adaptive response to a wide range of environmental stresses (1) .…”

“…Mature biofilm is mostly (85%) composed of extracellular matrix with only 15% bacteria cells. The extracellular matrix protects bacteria from antibiotics, medication, and the host's immune system (1) . PJI treatment is much more effective before the biofilm matures, during which, it is called the reversible phase.…”

“…Antibiotic resistance, which results in the recurrence of infection, has been observed as a negative side effect. On the other hand, using some non-antibiotic coatings seems promising to spot the failures and observe the successes (1) .…”