Imperial legacy, bureaucracy, and administrative changes: India 1947‐1987

Dwivedi, O. P.; Jain, Radhika; Dua, Bhagwan D.

doi:10.1002/pad.4230090303

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In many cases, it is the result of political action. Political leadership is crucial for avoiding widespread corruption in the bureaucracy; where the political leadership is corrupt, it is almost inevitable that the bureaucracy will be afflicted by systematic corruption (Dwivedi et al ., ; Hyden et al ., ). The importance of political leadership goes beyond avoiding corruption.…”

Section: Transforming Political–bureaucratic Relationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Politics–Bureaucracy Interface in Developing Countries

Dasandi

Estève

2017

Public Admin & Development

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The political-bureaucratic interface has been the subject of much academic interest. However, research has tended to focus exclusively on wealthy institutionalized democracies, with little attention given to the political-administrative relationship in developing countries. However, recent evidence from reform processes in poorer nations increasingly highlights the importance of interactions between politicians and bureaucrats. This paper provides a systematic overview of the political-bureaucratic relationship in developing countries and in doing so makes two key contributions. First, it introduces a typology of political-bureaucratic relations based on four models-collaborative, collusive, intrusive, and integrated-discussing examples of each. Second, it analyses the main factors associated with different models of political-bureaucratic relations and considers how countries can move from one model of relations to another. The paper provides a much-needed entry point for scholars and policymakers to better understanding the relationship between politicians and bureaucrats in developing countries.

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Section: Transforming Political–bureaucratic Relationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Politics–Bureaucracy Interface in Developing Countries

Dasandi

Estève

2017

Public Admin & Development

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“…The result is social polarization and inequitable service delivery in employment (Rakodi, C, 2002), transportation, housing and health (Laquian, A., 2005); where the poor continue to experience persistently lower levels of services. Southern commentators have observed that the crisis of the administrative and policy development cultures has been driven in recent times by the attention paid by politicians and civil servants to wealth accumulation (Dwivedi, O., 1989). However, in spite (or possibly because) of state neglect, the IS has continued to grow unchecked and unabated.…”

Section: Acknowledgementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the effectiveness of formal-informal sector engagement in municipal Pakistan political vs. institutional constraints

Shaheen¹

2021

Preprint

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Pakistan’s urban informal sector (IS) has been the subject of increased attention in recent years. In light of national policy failures and the rapid growth of the IS, this study asks whether there are differences in the political will and capacity in engaging the IS between upper and lower tiered state actors, and whether this engagement can be in a sustainable manner. The social contexts of housing, water and sanitation, transportation and labor conditions are examined in the cities of Lahore and Karachi to assess the experiences of the urban informal sector’s engagement with the state. A survey of state and non-state actors is carried out in field interviews to obtain the perspectives of state policies towards the IS as well as to understand the processes, constraints and possible solutions to engaging the IS. Evidence from the study supports the hypothesis that lower tiers of the state are capable of engaging the IS, but due to constraints from upper levels, are unable to do so. The study’s findings suggest that the combination of grassroots civil society efforts in mobilizing the urban IS alongside the provision of well resourced, accountable capacities of lower tiers of municipal government can generate low cost sustainable solutions to urban service delivery. Evidence also points to the benefits of civil society’s engagement with lower tiers of government to ensure that upper-level bureaucrats are held accountable for ill-conceived policy and its failures. The research shows that before success in national and provincial policy reforms can be expected, emphasis of policy has to be on the recognition and development of interactions between the IS and lower tiers of the state.

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“…Simultaneously, administrative development has been outpaced by rural-to-urban migration and economic restructuring (Stren, 1996). The resulting institutional 'path dependency' has distracted state actors and institutions from developing and defining truly sovereign policies and programs, particularly at local levels of government Dwivedi, 1989). Endogenous forces such as weak governance frameworks and a lack of transparency and accountability have constrained institutional development and neutralized capacity development among frontline, municipal departments.…”

Section: Developments In Cpa Research and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Service Delivery To Informal Settlements In South Asia's Mega Cities: the Role Of State and Non-State Actors

Shaheen¹

2021

Preprint

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This interdisciplinary research project compares service delivery outcomes to informal settlements in South Asia’s largest urban centres: Dhaka, Karachi and Mumbai. These mega cities have been overwhelmed by increasing demands on limited service delivery capacity as growing clusters of informal settlements, home to significant numbers of informal sector workers, struggle to obtain basic services. In the absence of state supports, some informal settlements engage non‐state actors to obtain services. In order to compare service delivery outcomes through these actors, I used a layered, mixed methods approach guided by an interdisciplinary literature review and policy examination. I drew on semi‐ structured interviews as well as pairs of case studies to measure successful and unsuccessful service delivery outcomes in each of the three mega cities. Key findings are that chronic disconnections exists in all three countries, where upper tiers of the state persistently fail to create an enabling environment for lower tier state actors and municipal service delivery machinery. The cause of these disconnections is the persistent colonial impression on the bureaucracy, Neoliberal policies and the appropriation of public resources by organized crime and their backers, urban elites. Non‐state actors have facilitated service delivery to informal settlements, resulting in isolated success and improved levels of human development. However, the case studies demonstrate that the success of non‐state actors is attributed to support from lower tier state actors. A complex political economy of upper and lower tier actors, rooted in unresolved land ownership and elite interests is disabling the capabilities of lower tier state actors to extend services to the urban poor. The study informs our understanding of the role played by technical non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) in facilitating representative community‐based organizations (CBOs) engagement of state service delivery providers. The study illustrates the differential attitudes between upper and lower tier state actors towards informal settlements. The study also separates the ‘development industry’ from grass root representatives of informal settlements. The study also affirms the ability of informal settlements to organize, mobilize and engage municipal service delivery providers. The study emphasizes the need to remove constraints that upper tiers of state and society place on informal settlements in order for equitable development and sustainable levels of service delivery to be realized

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Imperial legacy, bureaucracy, and administrative changes: India 1947‐1987

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

The Politics–Bureaucracy Interface in Developing Countries

The Politics–Bureaucracy Interface in Developing Countries

Examining the effectiveness of formal-informal sector engagement in municipal Pakistan political vs. institutional constraints

Service Delivery To Informal Settlements In South Asia's Mega Cities: the Role Of State and Non-State Actors

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