Imperfect messengers? An analysis of vaccine confidence among primary care physicians

Callaghan, Timothy; Washburn, David J.; Goidel, Kirby; Nuzhath, Tasmiah; Spiegelman, Abigail; Scobee, Julia; Moghtaderi, Ali; Motta, Matthew

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.025

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Our findings also showed that both health care providers and peers served as acceptable messengers. Given the decline in trust in health care systems globally [ 25 ], and hesitancy among health care providers themselves [ 26 ], it is prudent to identify a variety of trusted messengers, including non-health care messengers, in order to effectively promote vaccination. Understanding the role of non-health care messengers has been studied in the US [ 27 , 28 ], and studies have identified that faith-based leaders [ 29 ], for example, are credible and trusted messengers that could play crucial roles in promoting vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What message appeal and messenger are most persuasive for COVID-19 vaccine uptake: Results from a 5-country survey in India, Indonesia, Kenya, Nigeria, and Ukraine

et al. 2022

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Effective strategies to encourage COVID-19 vaccination should consider how health communication can be tailored to specific contexts. Our study aimed to evaluate the influence of three specific messaging appeals from two kinds of messengers on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in diverse countries. We surveyed 953 online participants in five countries (India, Indonesia, Kenya, Nigeria, and Ukraine). We assessed participants’ perceptions of three messaging appeals of vaccination—COVID-19 disease health outcomes, social norms related to COVID-19 vaccination, and economic impact of COVID-19—from two messengers, healthcare providers (HCP), and peers. We examined participants’ ad preference and vaccine hesitancy using multivariable multinomial logistic regression. Participants expressed a high level of approval for all the ads. The healthcare outcome–healthcare provider ad was most preferred among participants from India, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Ukraine. Participants in Kenya reported a preference for the health outcome–peer ad. The majority of participants in each country expressed high levels of vaccine hesitancy. However, in a final logistic regression model participant characteristics were not significantly related to vaccine hesitancy. These findings suggest that appeals related to health outcomes, economic benefit, and social norms are all acceptable to diverse general populations, while specific audience segments (i.e., mothers, younger adults, etc.) may have preferences for specific appeals over others. Tailored approaches, or approaches that are developed with the target audience’s concerns and preferences in mind, will be more effective than broad-based or mass appeals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…among health care providers themselves [26], it is prudent to identify a variety of trusted messengers, including non-health care messengers, in order to effectively promote vaccination.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

What message appeal and messenger are most persuasive for COVID-19 vaccine uptake: Results from a 5-country survey in India, Indonesia, Kenya, Nigeria, and Ukraine

et al. 2022

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“…Including ideology is vital in the context of this study because prior research suggests that conservative Americans are less likely to perceive the pandemic as serious and because conservative physicians have displayed different patterns in practice in previous research. 23 , 32 - 34 As such, conservative physicians may be less inclined to increase their use of telehealth because they see less of a need to change their practice patterns to protect themselves or patients. Beyond these key independent variables, our models also include demographic measures to account for physician sex, binary measures to account for Black, Asian, and Hispanic physician race/ethnicity, age (intervalized in years), and income (based on a 10-point scale).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changing Nature of Telehealth Use by Primary Care Physicians in the United States

Callaghan

McCord

Washburn

et al. 2022

J Prim Care Community Health

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Introduction: Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth utilization was growing slowly and steadily, although differentially across medical specialties in the United States. The pandemic dramatically expanded physician use of telehealth, but our understanding of how much telehealth use has changed in primary care in the United States, the correlates of physician telehealth uptake, and the frequency with which primary care physicians intend to use telehealth after the pandemic are unknown. This paper is designed to assess these important questions. Methods: Using data from an original national survey of 625 primary care physicians conducted from May 14 to May 25, 2021, we investigate the frequency of physician telehealth use before and during the pandemic and intended use after the pandemic. We also assess the correlates of changes in telehealth use by physicians, comparing telehealth use before the pandemic to use during and after the pandemic. Results: The proportion of primary care physicians using telehealth often, jumped from 5.3% (95% CI 3.5, 7.0) before the pandemic to 46.2% (95% CI 42.3, 50.2) during the pandemic. More importantly, over 70% of physicians intended to use telehealth at least occasionally after the pandemic compared to just 18.7% before, with younger physicians, physicians without telehealth training in medical school, and Asian physicians most likely to increase their telehealth use long-term. Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred expansion in telehealth use by primary care physicians that will continue to shape care delivery well beyond the pandemic. Policy change could be needed to facilitate this growth of telehealth long-term.

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“…Vaccine hesitancy, defined as vaccine reluctance or refusal despite vaccine availability, has already been characterized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the major threats to public health, even before the COVID-19 pandemic [ 8 ]. Multiple factors have already been associated with vaccine hesitancy among adults for both themselves and their children, such as socioeconomic factors and health status, personal beliefs, social media influence, perceived childhood COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, vaccine safety and efficacy concerns, and physicians’ recommendations and beliefs [ 5 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. For children in particular, primary care providers’ and pediatricians’ recommendations play a critical role to foster an environment of trust for the widespread and targeted roll-out of COVID-19 vaccines [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental and Pediatricians’ Attitudes towards COVID-19 Vaccination for Children: Results from Nationwide Samples in Greece

et al. 2022

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Although many studies have examined factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination and healthcare professionals’ attitudes towards vaccines, less is known about parents’ and pediatricians’ attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination for children. Using two cross-sectional surveys from November to December 2021 in Greece, we aimed to assess parental intention to vaccinate their 5 to 17 years old children against COVID-19 and to evaluate pediatricians’ attitudes towards children’s vaccination against COVID-19. Overall, 439 parents and 135 pediatricians participated. Οf them, 240 (54.7%) intended to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. The most commonly reported reasons for non-intention were the short length of clinical trials and the fear of side effects. Only 16.6% of non-intenders would vaccinate their children if the pediatrician recommended it. The factors associated with higher intention to get vaccinated were a parent’s own vaccination against COVID-19, trust in official healthcare guidelines, increased trust in the state and the healthcare system during the pandemic, and older age. Of the pediatricians, 92.6% recommended children’s vaccination, and 75.6% agreed with mandating the vaccine. These findings suggest the need to tailor easy-to-understand messages by well-informed pediatricians to address safety concerns, educate, and clarify misconceptions through targeted interventions among those who currently do not wish to vaccinate their children.

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Imperfect messengers? An analysis of vaccine confidence among primary care physicians

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

What message appeal and messenger are most persuasive for COVID-19 vaccine uptake: Results from a 5-country survey in India, Indonesia, Kenya, Nigeria, and Ukraine

What message appeal and messenger are most persuasive for COVID-19 vaccine uptake: Results from a 5-country survey in India, Indonesia, Kenya, Nigeria, and Ukraine

The Changing Nature of Telehealth Use by Primary Care Physicians in the United States

Parental and Pediatricians’ Attitudes towards COVID-19 Vaccination for Children: Results from Nationwide Samples in Greece

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