Imperceptible Improvement using Edge Area Selection for Robust Video Watermarking Using Tchebichef - Singular Value Decomposition

Abstract

Watermarking is a technology to protect the copyright of multimedia data. Video is one of the most complex media compared to image or audio. In invisible watermarking, imperceptible aspects are important besides robustness. This research proposes a frame selection method based on the edge area. The frame with the most edge area is selected and used for watermark embedding with Tchebichef transformation and singular value decomposition. A dual-stage Arnold transform was carried out to spread the edge area, and the watermark was embedded more evenly to improve the imperceptibility quality. Based on the test results, this method can improve the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) quality by around 1dB to 2dB while still maintaining the robustness of the watermark compared to the previous method without edge area selection, and dual-stage Arnold transform.

Invisible Video Watermarking Based on Frame Selection and LSB Embedding

“…Each of these transformations, which are used to simulate video frames in multiple ways, have unique characteristics. To achieve better performance, numerous algorithms can be used for choosing embedded regions, frame selection, and interesting regions, as described in previous research such as [4,6,7,[25][26][27][28][29] In [25], the authors proposed a robust video watermarking technique based on the spatial domain. Luminance adaptation and an edge mask were used to choose the suitable embedding region and adjust the watermark intensity.…”

“…The procedure of embedding a watermark in a video can negatively affect its viewability, as additional data is added to the original content. Thus, preserving the perceived quality of the video after watermarking is an important part to consider [4].…”

“…Watermarks if not visible to the human eye are said to be imperceptible and difficult to detect using detection tools [2,4,5]. The insertion of watermarks should not have a negative impact on the quality of a video.…”

Fragile Image Watermarking Based on Bidiagonal SVD-LSB for Tamper Detection and Localization

“…Image watermarking is one of the most popular methods widely used for copyright protection or authentication [2][3][4][5]. There are three watermarking models based on their use: fragile, semi-fragile and robust.…”

“…These three methods have different approaches in securing digital images. In robust watermarking, watermarks are embedded robustly to withstand various image manipulations such as adding noise, blurring, cropping, rotation, and others [3][4][5]. Semi-fragile watermarking will be strong against accidental attacks but fragile against intentional attacks [6,7].…”