Imperative assessment on the current status of rubber wastewater treatment: Research development and future perspectives

Wijerathna, W.S.M.S.K.; Wimalaweera, T. I. P.; Samarajeewa, D.R.; Lindamulla, L.M.L.K.B.; Rathnayake, R.M.L.D.; Nanayakkara, N.; Jegatheesan, Veeriah; Wei, Yuansong; Jinadasa, K.B.S.N.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139512

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…3 shows that the MSL system effectively reduces all pollutant parameters in crumb rubber industrial wastewater, especially BOD and COD. This is supported by the study [11], [24]. The change in pH from 5.0 -5.5 to 6 is due to the presence of a soil layer on the MSL system.…”

Section: Msl System On Reducing Pollutant Parameters Of Treated Waste...supporting

confidence: 55%

“…This result was aligned with [15], [16], [50] and reported that crumb rubber industrial wastewater has high impurities. Theoretically, this is due to the source of the ingredients it is natural material containing organic compounds such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and organic salts that will be decomposed by the activity of microorganisms over time [24], [51]. Besides that, it is also due to the addition of lumpy materials and latex stabilizers [50], [52].…”

Section: Pollutant Parameters Of Untreated Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although biological methods, particularly anaerobic, aerobic, and facultative ponds, are widely used for the treatment of rubber wastewater, vast areas are required. Meanwhile, mechanical methods such as rotating discs, anaerobic filter beds, and aerated lagoons require little land, but the concentration of pollutants remains high [24]. Biological treatment presents a straight forward approach to address nitrogen compounds within rubber industry wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, the selection of advanced wastewater treatment methods hinges on several factors: (1) the extent to which a method is needed to elevate wastewater quality to an acceptable level, (2) the adaptability of the control method, (3) the expenses involved in the process, and (4) the compatibility of the method with environmental concerns. Therefore, this wastewater must be addressed using appropriate technologies such as Multi-Soil-Layering [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effectiveness of the multi-soil-layering system in reducing pollutant parameters of crumb rubber industrial wastewater

Primandari,

Mulianti,

Sushanti

et al. 2023

Teknomekanik

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Multi-soil-layering (MSL) is well-known as an emerging technology for wastewater treatment. However, limited studies have been conducted on the crumb rubber industry. Thus, this study aims to reduce the crumb rubber industrial wastewater using MSL system. Four models of MSL conducted it. They are (1) constructed by body size of gravel with a mixture of andosol soil and fine charcoal; (2) body size of gravel with a mixture of andosol soil, fine charcoal, sawdust, and iron particles; (3) tube size of gravel with a mixture of andosol soil and fine charcoal; and (4) tube size of gravel with a mixture of andosol soil, fine charcoal and sawdust. The construction models were installed in the variance of the box and each of them was flowed by the Hydraulic Loading Rate of wastewater. Aeration treatment is given to the maximum hydraulic loading rate. The result showed that MSL systems significantly minimize the crumb rubber industrial wastewater under requirements that cover Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Nitrogen (T-N) and Total ammonia (T-NH3). It also significantly neutralizes the power of Hydrogen (pH) up to 6. The highest reduction was obtained by the MSL 3 system (tube size of gravel with a mixture of andosol soil and fine charcoal). The aeration significantly decreased the BOD, COD, TSS, and ammonia from 85% to 99%. Although the aeration process enhanced the performance of MSL system, however, MSL without aeration successfully treated the wastewater to meet the required standard. This study provides new insight into the effectiveness of MSL system in reducing pollutant parameters of crum rubber industrial wastewater.

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Section: Msl System On Reducing Pollutant Parameters Of Treated Waste...supporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Pollutant Parameters Of Untreated Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The effectiveness of the multi-soil-layering system in reducing pollutant parameters of crumb rubber industrial wastewater

Primandari,

Mulianti,

Sushanti

et al. 2023

Teknomekanik

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“…Bioassays have highlighted the phytotoxic and cytogenotoxic potential of this wastewater, evidenced by inhibited seed germination and growth and chromosomal abnormalities in test plants [7]. The pretreatment stage plays a crucial role in the effective treatment of rubber industrial wastewater by removing materials that are inhibitory to downstream processes [8]. Pretreatment is usually focused on the removal of suspended solids (SSs) through numerous physical and chemical processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Pretreatment of Natural Rubber Industrial Wastewater Using Magnetic Seed Coagulation with Ca(OH)2

Wimalaweera,

Wei,

Ritigala

et al. 2024

Water

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The efficiency of magnetic seed coagulation (MSC) with pH adjustment by NaOH and Ca(OH)2 as a pretreatment for high-strength natural rubber industrial wastewater (NRIWW) was compared in this study. The high content of suspended solids (SSs) and other inhibitory substances of NRIWW is a primary issue which affects its subsequent secondary and tertiary treatment processes. The MSC process with polyaluminum chloride (PAC), anionic polymer (polyacrylamide—PAM)), and magnetic seeds (MS) (ferric oxide (Fe3O4)) was proven to be a cost-effective pretreatment of NRIWW, and Ca(OH)2 showed improved pretreatment performance, with turbidity, COD, and TSS removals of 95%, 56%, and 64%, respectively. Sedimentation was enhanced from 30 min by conventional coagulation to less than 5 min by the MSC. The organic components of NRIWW reacted with MS to generate Fe–OH/Fe–OH+ linkages through processes of surface complexing and hydrogen bonding. According to fractal analysis, the MSC process optimized with Ca(OH)2 produces less complex flocs that are uniform and densely packed. Additionally, MS served as an adsorbent and promoted the development of magnetic flocs by boosting their density and size. MSC with pH adjustment by Ca(OH)2 presents a robust and cost-effective pretreatment process for NRIWW.

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Preparation of aqueous silane‐graphene oxide co‐modified cellulose fibers/natural rubber composites via flash extrusion dispersion process

Li,

Wu,

Lai

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Cellulose fibers were modified via aqueous silane‐graphene oxide (GO) coordination by flash drying and extrusion dispersion process. The adsorption of GO reduced the polarity of the cellulose fiber surface and attenuated the agglomeration effect between the cellulose fibers, thus facilitating the dispersion of fibers in the rubber matrix. Adding aqueous 3‐aminopropylsilane oligomer (8150) incorporated active sites on the surface of cellulose fibers, thereby improving the interfacial binding properties of cellulose nano fibers (CNFs) and natural rubber (NR). After blending the modified CNFs with NR latex, high‐temperature flocculation was performed using an atomised flash device. Finally, CNF/NR was pre‐dispersed through a twin‐screw extruder, after which a CNF/NR masterbatch with excellent performance was prepared. Experimental results revealed that composites prepared using GO‐8150 via the flash drying‐twin‐screw dispersion process exhibited excellent dispersion characteristics, processing properties, mechanical properties, rolling resistance, wear resistance, and heat generation properties. Compared with traditional dry mixing, the composites prepared by flash drying‐twin‐screw dispersion process showed a 16.95% increase in tensile strength, 16.07% increase in 300% constant elongation, 19.01% reduction in abrasion consumption, 42.26% reduction in rolling resistance, and a reduction in the Payne effect. This study offers an efficient and environmentally friendly method for the high‐value utilization of natural fibers and the preparation of NR composites with excellent properties, while providing a green and nonpolluting modification process with no acidic liquid discharge.Highlights GO‐8150 reduces the polarity of the fibers and promotes dispersion. The flash extrusion dispersion process achieves green flocculation. 42% lower rolling resistance for rubber composites.

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Imperative assessment on the current status of rubber wastewater treatment: Research development and future perspectives

Cited by 6 publications

References 79 publications

The effectiveness of the multi-soil-layering system in reducing pollutant parameters of crumb rubber industrial wastewater

The effectiveness of the multi-soil-layering system in reducing pollutant parameters of crumb rubber industrial wastewater

Enhanced Pretreatment of Natural Rubber Industrial Wastewater Using Magnetic Seed Coagulation with Ca(OH)2

Preparation of aqueous silane‐graphene oxide co‐modified cellulose fibers/natural rubber composites via flash extrusion dispersion process

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