Impending concentrated HIV epidemic among injecting drug users in Central Bangladesh

Azim, Tasnim; Alam, Munirul; Rahman, Motiur; Sarker, Supta; Ahmed, Gehan M.; Khan, M. R.; Rahman, Saifur; Rahman, Aziz-ul; Sack, David A.

doi:10.1258/095646204773557875

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Twenty-nine published papers were included (Abdala et al, 2003; Altaf et al, 2007; Azim et al, 2000; Azim et al, 2001; Azim et al, 2004; Azim et al, 2006; Baqi et al, 1998; Beyrer et al, 2004; Carey et al, 2006; Chen et al, 2005; de Carvalho et al, 1996; Dowe et al, 2001; El Ghazzawi et al, 1995; Frost et al, 2007; Go et al, 2006; Karapetyan et al, 2002; Kurbanov et al, 2003; Liu et al, 2006; Ostrovskii et al, 1999; Panda et al, 2002; Panda et al, 2007; Panda et al, 1997; Panda et al, 1998; Peak et al, 1995; Rhodes et al, 2006; Platt et al, 2007; Ruan et al, 2004; Rumi et al, 2000; Wai et al, 1996). Two papers (Azim et al, 2004 and Peak et al, 1995) were serial cross-sectional studies involving data from multiple years; these papers were thus listed as two and four separate studies, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Syphilis in drug users in low and middle income countries

Coffin¹,

Newberry²,

Hagan³

et al. 2010

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Background Genital ulcer disease (GUD), including syphilis, is an important cause of morbidity in low and middle income (LMI) countries and syphilis transmission is associated with HIV transmission. Methods We conducted a literature review to evaluate syphilis infection among drug users in LMI countries for the period 1995–2007. Countries were categorized using the World Bank Atlas method (The World Bank, 2007) according to 2006 gross national income per capita. Results Thirty-two studies were included (N=13,848 subjects), mostly from Southeast Asia with some from Latin America, Eastern Europe, Central and East Asia, North Africa and the Middle East but none from regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa. The median prevalence of overall lifetime syphilis (N=32 studies) was 11.1% (interquartile range: 6.3% to 15.3%) and of HIV (N=31 studies) was 1.1% (interquartile range: 0.22% to 5.50%). There was a modest relation (r=0.27) between HIV and syphilis prevalence. Median syphilis prevalence by gender was 4.0% (interquartile range: 3.4% to 6.6%) among males (N=11 studies) and 19.9% (interquartile range: 11.4% to 36.0%) among females (N=6 studies). There was a strong relation (r= 0.68) between syphilis prevalence and female gender that may be related to female sex work. Conclusion Drug users in LMI countries have a high prevalence of syphilis but data are limited and, in some regions, entirely lacking. Further data are needed, including studies targeting the risks of women. Interventions to promote safer sex, testing, counseling and education, as well as health care worker awareness, should be integrated in harm reduction programs and health care settings to prevent new syphilis infections and reduce HIV transmission among drug users and their partners in LMI countries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two papers (Azim et al, 2004 and Peak et al, 1995) were serial cross-sectional studies involving data from multiple years; these papers were thus listed as two and four separate studies, respectively. Two papers by different authors clearly describe the same study and thus were considered one study (Rhodes et al, 2006 and Platt et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syphilis in drug users in low and middle income countries

Coffin¹,

Newberry²,

Hagan³

et al. 2010

International Journal of Drug Policy

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“…Previous work in Bangladesh has identified HIV as a concern among IDUs in Bangladesh [5-7,9] and among MSM in India and Pakistan [24,25]. There has not been a clear link between the high risk groups of MSM and IDUs in Bangladesh, and this is the relationship we explore in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Risk factors for HIV infection in Males who have Sex with Males (MSM) in Bangladesh

Chan

Khan

2007

BMC Public Health

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“…A few years later, however, HIV prevalence quickly shot up to 40Á50% (Oelrichs et al 2000), a development attributed in part to the failure of the intervention to reach a sufficient share of IDUs (Crofts 2005). In Bangladesh, several studies suggest that needle/syringe programme participants were less likely than non-participants to share injection equipment (Jenkins et al 2001, Monitoring the AIDS Pandemic Network 2004), but secular cross-sectional serosurveys of HIV among IDUs in three cities with needle/syringe programmes produced mixed results: no cases of HIV in two cities but increasing prevalence from 1.4% to 4% in the other city (Azim et al 2004). It may be that the latter city's intervention, like that in Kathmandu, achieved lower coverage of the IDU population.…”

Section: Dearth Of Evidence From the Developing Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV prevention for injection drug users in China and Vietnam: Policy and research considerations

Hammett

Jarlais

Johnston

et al. 2007

Global Public Health

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A pattern of serious injection drug user (IDU) driven HIV epidemics in Asia, with emerging evidence of generalization through heterosexual transmission, indicates the need for interventions focusing on both drug- and sex-related risk reduction. In a cross-border HIV prevention project for IDUs in northern Vietnam and southern China, peer educators disseminated risk reduction information to IDUs in the community and provided 20,000-25,000 sterile needles/syringes and 4,000-6,000 condoms per month. Since implementation of these interventions, the frequency of both injecting and sexual risk behaviours fell significantly, HIV prevalence among IDUs declined or stabilized, and HIV incidence dropped. There is official support for harm reduction interventions in both countries but this appears precarious in view of persistently powerful political and financial support for a law enforcement approach. Moreover, the simultaneous pursuit of inconsistent policies can have negative effects on the implementation of interventions. A harmonized and consistent policy environment is needed. Most of the evidence for efficacy of community-based HIV prevention comes from the developed world, but well-designed evaluations of such interventions in Asia and elsewhere in the developing world would have a better chance to influence policy decisions there. A synergistic approach to research, policy development, and service delivery is best calculated to achieve positive results in the struggle against HIV/AIDS in developing countries.

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Impending concentrated HIV epidemic among injecting drug users in Central Bangladesh

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Syphilis in drug users in low and middle income countries

Syphilis in drug users in low and middle income countries

Risk factors for HIV infection in Males who have Sex with Males (MSM) in Bangladesh

HIV prevention for injection drug users in China and Vietnam: Policy and research considerations

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