Impedance modelling and data processing: structural and parametrical estimation

Corrosion inhibition of C38 steel by alkaloids extract of Geissospermum laeve in 1M hydrochloric acid: Electrochemical and phytochemical studies

“…As the Nyquist plot obtained for the inhibitor presents a depressed loop, such behavior is characteristic for solid electrodes and often referred to a frequency dispersion which has been attributed to the surface heterogeneity [41][42][43][44][45]. The CPE impedance is defined by two values, Q and α and is described by the equation [46,47]:…”

Electrochemical and microstructural study of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloy

“…In many cases CPE is used to describe the distribution of relaxation times, as a result of inhomogeneities present at the solid/liquid interface on a microscopic level (like surface inhomogeneity, roughness, adsorption, formation of porous layers, and variation in properties or compositions of surface layer) [30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Its impedance, Z CPE , is described by expression (1) [30]:…”

Corrosion behaviour of galvanized steel and electroplating steel in aqueous solution: AC impedance study and XPS

“…On the other hand there are some cases where the CPE is a formal approximation of the system, having very complicated parameter distribution and it is not possible to give some consistent physical interpretation [16]. The impedance of the CPE is [16][17][18] …”