Impedance-based cellular assay technologies: recent advances, future promise

Deconvolution of complex G protein–coupled receptor signaling in live cells using dynamic mass redistribution measurements

“…Recently, labelfree technology platforms based on dynamic mass redistribution of intracellular proteins (Corning ® Epic ® Biosensor, for operating principle see Fig. 1a) or alteration of electric impedance have emerged for the study of GPCRs 5,22-25, 41 . Although it is frequently claimed that label-free assays may hold great promise for GPCR drug discovery 5 , no in-depth analytical study is available to date that has thoroughly validated the novel DMR technology and/or compared it with the more traditional biochemical and second messenger assays which have been the mainstay in GPCR drug development.…”

Seven Transmembrane Receptors as Shapeshifting Proteins: The Impact of Allosteric Modulation and Functional Selectivity on New Drug Discovery

“…impedance of layers of cells in culture caused by receptor-mediated changes in cell mass redistribution (Verdonk et al, 2006;McGuinness, 2007;Peters et al, 2007;Shiau et al, 2008;Peters and Scott, 2009). In general, whole-cell responses are the result of the integration of numerous pathway activations and as such are ideal for detecting bias in signaling.…”

Development of Functionally Selective, Small Molecule Agonists at Kappa Opioid Receptors

“…On the 2nd day, cells were serum-starved for 1 h followed by treatment with saponin (50 g/ml, Sigma) for 4 min to briefly permeabilize cells (44 (45,46). Maximal changes in impedance were extracted and plotted in dose-response curves.…”