Impairment of wound healing by reactive skin decontamination lotion (RSDL^®) in a Göttingen minipig^® model

Efficacy of water‐only or soap and water skin decontamination of chemical warfare agents or simulants using in vitro human models: A systematic review

“…This is contrasted with decontaminating agents such as RSDL ® , which has been shown to be effective but lacking in availability and affordability. Additionally, RSDL ® decontamination applied directly to open wounds delays wound healing in in vivo pig models (Connolly et al, 2020). Water-only or water and soap solutions in contact with wounds have not been shown to delay wound healing in a Cochrane review (Fernandez & Griffiths, 2008).…”

Shielded α-Nucleophile Nanoreactor for Topical Decontamination of Reactive Organophosphate

“…As part of such directions, there have been growing interests in developing therapeutic agents for OP decontamination. ,,− It has been established through skin toxicology studies that, unless decontaminated, the exposed surface serves as a depot for extended OP absorption which promotes sustained toxicity . Currently, there is only one FDA-approved product for skin decontamination, reactive skin decontamination lotion (RSDL). ,, Its efficacy is attributed to the active ingredient, Dekon 139, a potassium salt of diacetyl monooxime (DAM) formulated at 1.2 M, pH ≥ 10.8, with nucleophilic reactivity for OP hydrolysis (Figure ). However, due to its rapid percutaneous permeability, DAM is linked to adverse systemic effects which prevents its prolonged use on skin or mucous membranes .…”

“…Currently, there is only one FDA-approved product for skin decontamination, reactive skin decontamination lotion (RSDL). ,, Its efficacy is attributed to the active ingredient, Dekon 139, a potassium salt of diacetyl monooxime (DAM) formulated at 1.2 M, pH ≥ 10.8, with nucleophilic reactivity for OP hydrolysis (Figure ). However, due to its rapid percutaneous permeability, DAM is linked to adverse systemic effects which prevents its prolonged use on skin or mucous membranes . Recently, a variety of OP-responsive functional materials have been reported that address such therapeutic needs for detection, protection, and topical decontamination. ,,− These materials are designed for OP detection, , adsorption, ,, and/or inactivation ,,− ,,, through functionalization on organic polymers, , dendrimers, , metal oxides, , mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), ,, or metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). ,− , These also include our early prototype for OP-reactive nanomaterials based on a fifth generation (G5) poly­(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer .…”

“…19 Currently, there is only one FDAapproved product for skin decontamination, reactive skin decontamination lotion (RSDL). 3,19,21 Its efficacy is attributed to the active ingredient, Dekon 139, a potassium salt of diacetyl monooxime (DAM) formulated at 1.2 M, pH ≥ 10.8, with nucleophilic reactivity for OP hydrolysis (Figure 1). However, due to its rapid percutaneous permeability, 22 DAM is linked to adverse systemic effects which prevents its prolonged use on skin or mucous membranes.…”

“…However, due to its rapid percutaneous permeability, 22 DAM is linked to adverse systemic effects which prevents its prolonged use on skin or mucous membranes. 21 Recently, a variety of OPresponsive functional materials have been reported that address such therapeutic needs for detection, protection, and topical decontamination. 16,18,23−34 These materials are designed for OP detection, 30,32 adsorption, 26,28,33 and/or inactivation 16,18,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29]31,33,35 through functionalization on organic polymers, 22,31 dendrimers, 16,26 metal oxides, 18,24 mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), 30,33,35 or metal− organic frameworks (MOFs).…”