Impairment of testicular function in electronic cigarette (e-cig, e-cigs) exposed rats under low-voltage and nicotine-free conditions

Vivarelli, Fabio; Canistro, Donatella; Cirillo, Silvia; Cardenia, Vladimiro; Rodríguez‐Estrada, Maria Teresa; Paolini, Moreno

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.059

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A similar study was performed by Vivarelli et al [ 41 ], using seven-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats to test a new-generation e-cigarette device, which was adjusted to one of the lowest possible voltage values and filled with a nicotine-free liquid with 50% v / v propylene glycol (PG) and 50% vegetable glycerine (VG). The seven rats in the experimental group were exposed to the vapor from the e-cigarettes for 28 days, 3 h daily, as 11 cycles of two puffs.…”

Section: Male Reproductive Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seven rats in the experimental group were exposed to the vapor from the e-cigarettes for 28 days, 3 h daily, as 11 cycles of two puffs. The e-cigarette cartridge was filled with nicotine-free liquid composed of PG and VG flavored with 10% red fruit aroma [ 41 ]. The chemical analysis allowed toxic aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolin to be detected in the vapor.…”

Section: Male Reproductive Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of E-Cigarette Vapor Components on the Morphology and Function of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems: A Systematic Review

Szumilas

Grzywacz

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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: E-cigarettes, a comparatively new phenomenon, are regarded as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes. They are increasingly popular among adolescents of both sexes, and many smokers use e-cigarettes in their attempts to quit smoking. There is little understanding of the effects of exposure to e-cigarette vapors on human reproductive health, human development, or the functioning of the organs of the male and female reproductive systems. Data on the effects of the exposure were derived mainly from animal studies, and they show that e-cigarettes can affect fertility. Here, we review recent studies on the effects of exposure to e-cigarettes on facets of morphology and function in the male and female reproductive organs. E-cigarettes, even those which are nicotine-free, contain many harmful substances, including endocrine disruptors, which disturb hormonal balance and morphology and the function of the reproductive organs. E-cigarettes cannot be considered a completely healthy alternative to smoking. As is true for smoking, deleterious effects on the human reproductive system from vaping are likely, from the limited evidence to date.

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Section: Male Reproductive Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Male Reproductive Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of E-Cigarette Vapor Components on the Morphology and Function of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems: A Systematic Review

Szumilas

Grzywacz

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…59 Finally, a preclinical study showed that electronic cigarette vapours impaired gonadal function in male rats, although this early finding is yet to be confirmed in human studies. 60…”

Section: Potential Health Harms Of Electronic Cigarettes Unrelated Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preliminary evidence suggests that electronic cigarettes can reduce tobacco cravings and nicotine abstinence symptoms. 30,61 A survey study conducted in the US found that electronic cigarette smokers had a higher probability of succeeding in quitting (8.2% versus 4.8%), compared with smokers who did not use electronic cigarettes. 62 A small study conducted in Italy demonstrated a cessation rate of 12.5% among electronic cigarette smokers after 24 months.…”

Section: Electronic Cigarettes As a Road To Quit Cigarette Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Cigarettes and Cardiovascular Risk: Caution Waiting for Evidence

D’Amario

Migliaro²,

Borovac

et al. 2019

Eur Cardiol

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Electronic cigarettes use is a growing trend in contemporary societies, with the propensity to compete with traditional tobacco smoking. Some preclinical studies demonstrated the toxic and detrimental effects of electronic cigarettes liquid components. Its impact on human health remains unknown and insufficiently studied. While some studies suggest that electronic cigarettes use might be associated with endothelial dysfunction, impaired platelet function and increased risk of adverse clinical events, other studies did not confirm these findings and epidemiological data mostly suggest that the use of electronic cigarettes appears to be safer than that of traditional tobacco cigarettes. This article provides an up-to-date overview of the current state of knowledge regarding electronic cigarettes and their impact on human health, with special emphasis on their effect on cardiovascular diseases.

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“…However, e-liquids contain other unknown chemicals and e-cigarettes can deliver as much nicotine as a combustible cigarette (Wagener et al, 2017). How the abuse liability of e-liquids differs from nicotine alone has not been extensively studied, as the majority of pre-clinical studies on e-liquids have focused on toxicity in peripheral organ systems (El Golli et al, 2016;Garcia-Arcos et al, 2016;Golli et al, 2016b;Vivarelli et al, 2019). The neurocognitive effects and addiction-relevant properties of e-liquids are beginning to be examined in rodent models (Golli et al, 2016a;LeSage et al, 2016a;LeSage et al, 2016b;Harris et al, 2017;Harris et al, 2018b;Smethells et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavor-specific enhancement of electronic cigarette liquid consumption and preference in mice

Wong

McElroy

Robinson

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AbstractBackgroundThe use of electronic cigarettes has increased over the past decade. To determine how the abuse liability of electronic cigarette liquids (e-liquids) differs from nicotine alone, and to determine the impact of flavor, we compared nicotine-containing fruit- and tobacco-flavored e-liquids, and their nicotine-free versions, to nicotine alone in mouse models of oral consumption, reward and aversion.MethodsAdult male C57BL/6J mice voluntarily consumed oral nicotine, equivalent nicotine concentrations of fruit- and tobacco-flavored e-liquid, and equivalent dilutions of the nicotine-free versions in 2-bottle choice tests. Conditioned place preference and place aversion were assessed with peripherally administered e-liquids or nicotine. Serum nicotine and cotinine levels were measured after subcutaneous injections of e-liquid or nicotine.ResultsMice showed higher consumption and preference for the fruit-flavored e-liquid compared with nicotine alone. This increase was not due to the flavor itself as consumption of the nicotine-free fruit-flavored e-liquid was not elevated until the highest concentration tested. The increased consumption and preference were not observed with the tobacco-flavored e-liquid. The conditioned place preference, place aversion and nicotine pharmacokinetics of the fruit-flavored e-liquid were not significantly different from nicotine alone.ConclusionsOur data suggest that fruit, but not tobacco flavor, increased the oral consumption of e-liquid compared with nicotine alone. Moreover, this enhancement was not due to increased consumption of the flavor itself, altered rewarding or aversive properties after peripheral administration, or altered pharmacokinetics. This flavor-specific enhancement suggests that some flavors may lead to higher nicotine intake and increased use of e-liquids compared with nicotine alone.HighlightsFruit flavor, but not tobacco flavor, enhances e-liquid consumption and preferenceThe nicotine-free flavored e-liquid is not preferred over nicotine aloneConditioning rewarding and aversive effects are equal between nicotine and e-liquid

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Impairment of testicular function in electronic cigarette (e-cig, e-cigs) exposed rats under low-voltage and nicotine-free conditions

Cited by 31 publications

References 51 publications

The Effects of E-Cigarette Vapor Components on the Morphology and Function of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems: A Systematic Review

The Effects of E-Cigarette Vapor Components on the Morphology and Function of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems: A Systematic Review

Electronic Cigarettes and Cardiovascular Risk: Caution Waiting for Evidence

Flavor-specific enhancement of electronic cigarette liquid consumption and preference in mice

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