Impairment of Peroxisome Degradation in Pichia methanolica Mutants Defective in Acetyl-CoA Synthetase or Isocitrate Lyase

Kulachkovsky, Aleksander R.; Moroz, O. M.; Sibirny, Andrei A.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(19970915)13:11<1043::aid-yea161>3.3.co;2-5

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…227,228 The degradation of this enzyme can also be followed through western blot. Alcohol oxidase is not present in S. cerevisiae, but can be detected in methylotrophic yeasts such as Candida boidinii, 229 Pichia methanolica, 230 Pichia pastoris 231,232 and Hansenula polymorpha. 233 Degradation of formate dehydrogenase and/or catalase has also been examined in H. polymorpha, P. pastoris and P. methanolica.…”

Section: Chaperone-mediated Autophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…233 Degradation of formate dehydrogenase and/or catalase has also been examined in H. polymorpha, P. pastoris and P. methanolica. 230,232,234 The loss of isocitrate lyase in Yarrowia lipoplytica 235 and Aspergillus nidulans, 236 dihydroxyacetone synthase in H. polymorpha 237 and amine oxidase in Y. lipolytica 235 is due to pexophagy. Degradation of peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA oxidase and catalase has been followed in rat hepatocytes.…”

Section: Chaperone-mediated Autophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methods for Monitoring Autophagy from Yeast to Human

2007

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The increasing interest in autophagy in a wide range of organisms, accompanied by an ever-growing influx of researchers into this field, necessitates a good understanding of the methodologies available to monitor this process. In this review we discuss current approaches that can be used to follow the overall process of autophagy, as well as individual steps, from yeast to human. The majority of the review considers methods that apply to macroautophagy; however, we also consider alternative types of degradation including chaperone-mediated autophagy and microautophagy. This information is meant to provide a resource for newcomers as well as a stimulus for experienced researchers who may be prompted to develop additional assays to examine autophagy-related pathways.

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Section: Chaperone-mediated Autophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chaperone-mediated Autophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Monitoring Autophagy from Yeast to Human

2007

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“…When methylotrophic yeasts such as Pichia pastoris, Pichia methanolica, Hansenula polymorpha, and Candida boidinii are grown in media containing methanol, peroxisome biogenesis is induced in order to optimize the utilization of this carbon source (125,127). Upon adaptation to an alternative carbon source, such as glucose or ethanol, peroxisomes are rapidly degraded in the vacuole (13,35,62,92,122,126,130). An identical fate is also reserved for the peroxisomes of Yarrowia lipolytica and Aspergillus nidulans after shifting of those fungi from a medium containing oleic acid to one containing glucose (3,30).…”

Section: Conserved Machinerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy in the Eukaryotic Cell

2002

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The major cellular pathways for protein and organelle turnover are autophagy and proteasome-mediated degradation. These processes are important to maintain a well-controlled balance between anabolism and catabolism in order to have normal cell growth and development. They play an essential role during starvation, cellular differentiation, cell death, and aging but also in preventing some types of cancer (59). These degradation pathways permit the cell to eliminate unwanted or unnecessary organelles and to recycle the components for reuse (54, 59).The lysosome or vacuole is the major catabolic factory in eukaryotic cells and contains a range of hydrolases capable of degrading all cellular constituents. Organelle turnover is accomplished exclusively at this location through a process of autophagy that is conserved among yeast, plant, and animal cells. Microautophagy involves the uptake of cytoplasm at the lysosome or vacuole surface but has not been well characterized. In contrast, degradation by macroautophagy involves membrane engulfment at an initial site that is separate from this organelle. In mammalian cells, this process has been known for a long time, but the early studies were primarily phenomenological. Molecular components have been identified in the last decade by genetic screening of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (32,80,117,121) and in recent years by two-hybrid screening of the same organism with predetermined baits or by genome-wide approaches (20,42,45,71,123). Surprisingly, molecular genetic studies with yeast have shown the overlap of the macroautophagy machinery with that used for peroxisome degradation (pexophagy) and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway (31,39,99), which ensures the delivery of the resident vacuolar protease aminopeptidase I (Ape1) (58, 97). These processes operate under different nutritional conditions, and the Cvt pathway in particular is biosynthetic. However, biochemical and morphological analyses have shown that the basic mechanism in all three processes is the sequestration of the cargo material (precursor Ape1 [prApe1], bulk cytoplasm, or specific organelle) within double-membrane structures (5-7, 39, 113).The biogenesis and consumption of these vesicles can be divided into four discrete steps: induction and cargo packaging, formation and completion, docking and fusion, and breakdown. Figure 1 shows schematically these events for macroautophagy, the Cvt pathway, and pexophagy. The induction of vesicle formation during macroautophagy is stimulated by cellular signals such as starvation (113), whereas during Cvt transport the binding of prApe1 to its receptor may be the signal that triggers induction (98). Upon completion, the sequestering vesicle (called an autophagosome or Cvt vesicle, respectively) docks with the lysosome or vacuole and then fuses with it. In this way, the inner vesicle is liberated inside the lysosome or vacuole, where it is finally consumed by hydrolases. In addition to induction, another major difference between these pathways appea...

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“…Cells were grown and prepared for electron microscopical examination as described (Kulachkovsky et al, 1997).…”

Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sterol glucosyltransferases have different functional roles inPichia pastoris and Yarrowia lipolytica

Stasyk

Nazarko

Krasovska

et al. 2003

Cell Biology International

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Mutants of the methanol-utilizing yeast Pichia pastoris and the alkane-utilizing yeast Yarrowia lipolytica defective in the orthologue of UGT51 (encoding sterol glucosyltransferase) were isolated and compared. These mutants do not contain the specific ergosterol derivate, ergosterol glucoside. We observed that the P. pastoris UGT51 gene is required for pexophagy, the process by which peroxisomes containing methanol-metabolizing enzymes are selectively shipped to and degraded in the vacuole upon shifting methanol-grown cells of this yeast to glucose or ethanol. PpUGT51 is also required for other vacuole related processes. In contrast, the Y. lipolytica UGT51 gene is required for utilization of decane, but not for pexophagy. Thus, sterol glucosyltransferases play different functional roles in P. pastoris and Y. lipolytica.

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Impairment of Peroxisome Degradation in Pichia methanolica Mutants Defective in Acetyl-CoA Synthetase or Isocitrate Lyase

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Methods for Monitoring Autophagy from Yeast to Human

Methods for Monitoring Autophagy from Yeast to Human

Autophagy in the Eukaryotic Cell

Sterol glucosyltransferases have different functional roles inPichia pastoris and Yarrowia lipolytica

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