Impairment of human brain development: glycoconjugate and lipid changes in congenital athyroidism

Annunziata, Pasquale; Federico, Antonio; D'Amore, I; Corona, Rm; Gc, Guazzi

doi:10.1016/0378-3782(83)90009-9

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In studies on impairment of human brain and glycoconjugates in congenital athyroidism, protein-bound and ganglioside-bound sialic acid in grey matter was 60 and 11 % lower respectively than that of control group (death from non-neurological disease) (Annunziata et al, 1983). There was a decrease in GD1b, GT1, and GQ1, however GM2, GD3, and GM1 increased compared to controls.…”

Section: Medical Significance Of Disturbances In Sialic Acid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 79%

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The role and potential of sialic acid in human nutrition

2003

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Sialic acids are a family of nine-carbon acidic monosaccharides that occur naturally at the end of sugar chains attached to the surfaces of cells and soluble proteins. In the human body, the highest concentration of sialic acid (as N-acetylneuraminic acid) occurs in the brain where it participates as an integral part of ganglioside structure in synaptogenesis and neural transmission. Human milk also contains a high concentration of sialic acid attached to the terminal end of free oligosaccharides, but its metabolic fate and biological role are currently unknown. An important question is whether the sialic acid in human milk is a conditional nutrient and confers developmental advantages on breast-fed infants compared to those fed infant formula. In this review, we critically discuss the current state of knowledge of the biology and role of sialic acid in human milk and nervous tissue, and the link between sialic acid, breastfeeding and learning behaviour.

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Section: Medical Significance Of Disturbances In Sialic Acid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…These results infer that some types of brain ganglioside (maybe GD1b or GQ1) play a more important role in intelligence. The decrease of glycoprotein sialic acid suggested an impairment of cell maturation (Annunziata et al, 1983).…”

Section: Medical Significance Of Disturbances In Sialic Acid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 98%

The role and potential of sialic acid in human nutrition

2003

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“…Their eff ects on development and diff erentiation of tissues, particularly the nervous system during fetal life have been well elucidated [8,9] , as well as their eff ects on control of body temperature, lipid, proteins, and glucose metabolism [10 -12] . The eff ect of congenital hypothyroidism on the evolution of lipid profi le [13] , lipid contents, and glucosidase activities in the brain have been reported [14] . Leger et al have shown that congenital hypothyroidism has a long lasting eff ect on the sex hormone binding globulin during infancy and childhood [15] and Kala et al have shown that Introduction ▼ Studies have shown that the most important factors in the growth and development during fetal life are environmental, hormonal, and nutritional [1] .…”

Section: The Eff Ect Of Maternal Hypothyroidism On the Carbohydrate Mmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Effect of Maternal Hypothyroidism on the Carbohydrate Metabolism and Insulin Secretion of Isolated Islets in Adult Male Offspring of Rats

et al. 2010

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Thyroid hormones have crucial developmental effect during fetal life. This study investigates the effects of maternal hypothyroidism on the carbohydrate metabolism and insulin secretion capacity of islets of the adult male offspring of rats. One group of pregnant mothers (fetal hypothyroid) of Wistar rats drank water containing 0.02% of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil during pregnancy, while the control group consumed only tap water. After delivery, survival and weight of the neonates from both groups were followed. In adult male offspring, the intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed and 5-6 weeks later, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of isolated islets was assessed. Plasma glucose concentration of the fetal hypothyroid group during intravenous glucose tolerance test was significantly higher (p=0.003) at 5-20 min as compared to the control group, whereas plasma insulin concentration was significantly lower (p=0.012) at 5-20 min. Insulin secretion of the isolated islets stimulated with 16 mM glucose of the offspring in the fetal hypothyroid group (376.2 ± 57.1 pmol/islet/60 min) was significantly lower (p=0.02) as compared to the control group (618.1 ± 85.2). Although adult offspring born from hypothyroid mothers were euthyroid, their glucose tolerance and glucose stimulated insulin secretion of islets were altered, which may eventually contribute to the development of diabetes.

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“…A potential role for thyroid hormones in myelination was initially suggested by clinical studies of infants with congenital hypothyroidism, where a major feature of the neuropathology was a paucity of myelin (Rosman, 1972). It is now well recognized that early treatment for congenital hypothyroidism is essential to minimize subsequent cognitive and motor deficits that have been attributed to both deficiencies in white matter and gray matter (Klein et al, 1972, Rosman, 1972, Klein et al, 1974, Collaborative, 1981, Annunziata et al, 1983). …”

Section: Hormonal Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenge of understanding cerebral white matter injury in the premature infant

Elitt

Rosenberg

2014

Neuroscience

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White matter injury in the premature infant leads to motor and more commonly behavioral and cognitive problems that are a tremendous burden to society. While there has been much progress in understanding unique vulnerabilities of developing oligodendrocytes over the past 30 years, there remain no proven therapies for the premature infant beyond supportive care. The lack of translational progress may be partially explained by the challenge of developing relevant animal models when the etiology remains unclear, as is the case in this disorder. There has been an emphasis on hypoxia-ischemia and infection/inflammation as upstream etiologies, but less consideration of other contributory factors. This review highlights the evolution of white matter pathology in the premature infant, discusses the prevailing proposed etiologies, critically analyzes a sampling of common animal models and provides detailed support for our hypothesis that nutritional and hormonal deprivation may be additional factors playing critical and overlooked roles in white matter pathology in the premature infant.

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Impairment of human brain development: glycoconjugate and lipid changes in congenital athyroidism

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

The role and potential of sialic acid in human nutrition

The role and potential of sialic acid in human nutrition

The Effect of Maternal Hypothyroidism on the Carbohydrate Metabolism and Insulin Secretion of Isolated Islets in Adult Male Offspring of Rats

The challenge of understanding cerebral white matter injury in the premature infant

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