Impairment of executive functions due to sleep alterations: An integrative review on the use of P300

Abstract

ObjectiveCognitive impairment due to sleep deprivation (SD) is an important global health concern as part of the growing rates of sleep disorders and sleep deprivation worldwide. Amongst the affected cognitive processes, the effects of SD on the executive functions (EFs) show diverse methods and inconclusive or contradictory results, highlighting the importance of further research in this field. Considering this scenario, we evaluate one of the most used methods for objectively evaluating EFs on SD: the event-related potential (ERP) P300.MethodsOur study provides a comprehensive review on the use of P300 for evaluating executive functions in sleep alterations on subjects of all ages, as well as an analysis on the efficiency of P300 as an assessment method for executive functions compared to traditional neurocognitive batteries. We review the benefits of P300 application for multiple sleep/wake alterations, whether evoked in laboratory or as part of pre-existing sleep disorders.ResultsWe assess the diverse protocols used to elicit and complement P300, the most identified alterations in amplitude and latency, and suggest new lines of study that could benefit from P300 within the field.ConclusionWe conclude that P300 is a valuable asset for evaluating executive dysfunction under sleep deprivation both as a standalone protocol and in conjunction with subjective methods, with consistently significant results in assessing executive dysfunction in a diversity of subjects and etiologies.

Brain vital sign monitoring of sleep deprivation detects situational cognitive impairment

“…Specifically, a significant reduction in P300 amplitude between T2 (Day 1 evening) and T3 (Day 2 morning) was observed in the sleep deprivation group only. This reduction of the P300 amplitude following sleep deprivation reduction is strongly consistent with prior research ( Lee et al, 2003 ; Kusztor et al, 2019 ; Lima et al, 2022 ).…”

“…As such, certain ERPs are sensitive to changes in cognitive processing related to sleep deprivation. In particular, numerous studies have shown that changes in the P300, an ERP component related to attention and information processing, is affected by sleep deprivation ( Morris et al, 1992 ; Lee et al, 2003 ; Kusztor et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2019 ; Lima et al, 2022 ). In contrast, the N100 reflects lower-level sensory processing and is consequently relatively unaffected by sleep deprivation ( Lee et al, 2004 ; Jackson et al, 2008 ).…”

The effect of sleep disorders on dementia risk in patients with traumatic brain injury: A large‐scale cohort study

“…In the general population, SDs have been linked to the development of neurocognitive disorders and progression of these disorders co‐occurred with deficits in behavioral inhibition, self‐regulation of affect and arousal, working and contextual memory, and analytical ability 37–39 . In turn, these functional implications have been linked to treatment adherence: the most recent estimates of patients’ failure to adhere to treatment recommendations, in general, range from 20% to 40% for acute disease regimens, 20% to 60% for chronic disease regimens, and 50% to 80% for preventive regimens 40–43 . Traditional facilitators to adherence have been categorized into patient‐related factors (i.e., targeting attitudes and beliefs, perceived benefits, and lifetime habits), regimen‐related factors (i.e., altering the complexity of the regimen and frequency of or duration of treatment), and factors related to health care providers, including their level of knowledge and principles of communication 44 .…”

“…[37][38][39] In turn, these functional implications have been linked to treatment adherence: the most recent estimates of patients' failure to adhere to treatment recommendations, in general, range from 20% to 40% for acute disease regimens, 20% to 60% for chronic disease regimens, and 50% to 80% for preventive regimens. [40][41][42][43] Traditional facilitators to adherence have been categorized into patient-related factors (i.e., targeting attitudes and beliefs, perceived benefits, and lifetime habits), regimen-related factors (i.e., altering the complexity of the regimen and frequency of or duration of treatment), and factors related to health care providers, including their level of knowledge and principles of communication. 44 Since the approval of nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (i.e., a common form of SRBD) in 1981, numerous studies have been conducted to improve the understanding of patients and providers, and the role of technology in adherence to this therapy, considering that conservative estimates show that 29% to 83% of patients are nonadherent, depending on how nonadherence is defined.…”

Effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Strain Shirota on Daytime Performance in Healthy Office Workers: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Crossover, Placebo-Controlled Trial

“…We set the sample size to 12 in total by consider the handling capability of the EEG system, which was to be used only on weekdays dur a specified period. There are several reports that cognitive abilities decline with age [ 36] and lack of sleep [37,38]. It has also been reported that the reaction times of the go/ go task decline with age older compared to 40 years [35].…”